In this paper an approach to develop a non-invasive glucose measured system based on the best linear approximation (BLA) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is presented. In order to test the advantages of the technique, three blood components at reference blood concentration are tested. In these solutions the level of glucose was varied from normal to pathological concentrations. The results show the ability of BLA-EIS to detect the glucose changes by combining the amplitude and phase behavior of the impedance.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as a novel technique to study gas diffusion through a surface gel. The system under study underwent an alternating current electrograining process that is used in lithography and in capacitor foils. During this process H 2 bubbles are trapped inside a gel like structure consisting of 90% water. It is presented that through in situ impedance, the gas diffusion mechanism through the gel can be explained and correlated to the pitting morphology. It is demonstrated that fast gas diffusion leads to a desired uniform aluminum pitting after alternating current processing and that the structure of the gel plays an important role in this process.