GÄRTNER S. New macroeconomic evidence on internal migration in Sweden, 1967-2003 Studies. This paper gives new empirical evidence on internal migration's macroeconomic impact factors in Sweden from 1967 to 2003. Variables from the labour market, demography and geography serve as explanatory factors. The dynamic panel model's estimation contradicts recent results arguing that wage differences play no role in migration in Sweden. The paper's results suggest that wages and unemployment rates work as push and pull factors. These results are constant over time, not a development following the solidarity wage policy's break-up. While younger people are more likely to move, the increasing female labour force participation has hampered migration, especially in recent years. Difference generalized method of moments (GMM) Migration Sweden GÄRTNER S. 瑞典内部移民的新总体经济证据,1967 至 2003 年,区域研究。本文对瑞典自 1967 年至 2003 年间,内部 移民之于总体经济的影响係数,提出新的经验证据。劳动市场、人口与地理的变项,作为解释的因素。动态面板模型 的评估,否定了晚近主张薪资差异不影响瑞典内部迁徙的研究结果。本文的成果指出,薪资与失业率是推拉的因素。 这些结果随着时间仍然维持一致,而非在团结薪资政策破局之后随之发展。当年轻人更倾向迁徙时,增加中的女性劳 动力参与则阻碍了迁徙,特别是在晚近几年之中。 差分一般化动差法 (GMM) 迁徙 瑞典 GÄRTNER S. De nouvelles preuves macroéconomiques de la migration intérieure en Suède, entre 1967 et 2003, Regional Studies. Cet article fournit de nouvelles preuves empiriques des facteurs d'impact macroéconomiques de la migration intérieure en Suède entre 1967 et 2003. Des variables auprès du marché du travail, de la démographie et de la géographie servent de facteurs explicatifs. L'estimation provenant du modèle dynamique des données de panel contredit les résultats récents, affirmant que les écarts des salaires ne jouent aucun rôle dans la migration en Suède. Les résultats qui découlent de cet article suggèrent que les salaires et les taux de chômage constituent des facteurs d'attraction et de répulsion. Ces résultats sont constants au fil du temps et ne constituent pas de développement suite à l'échec de la politique salariale de solidarité. Alors que les plus jeunes sont plus susceptibles de se déplacer, l'augmentation du taux d'activité féminin a entravé la migration, surtout au cours des dernières années. Méthode des moments généralisée (MMG) Migration Suède GÄRTNER, S. Neue makroökonomische Evidenz über Binnenwanderung in Schweden, 1967-2003, Regional Studies. Diese Studie gibt neue empirische Evidenz über makroökonomische Einflussfaktoren auf die Binnenwanderung in Schweden von 1967 bis 2003. Variablen des Arbeitsmarktes, der Demografie sowie der Geografie dienen als Erklärungsfaktoren. Die Ergebnisse der Schätzung eines dynamischen Panelmodells widersprechen den bisherigen Resultaten, die Lohndifferenzen keine signifikante Rolle zur Erklärung der Binnenwanderung in Schweden zusprechen. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Studie geht jedoch hervor, dass sowohl Löhne als auch Arbeitslosigkeit als Push-beziehungsweise Pull-Faktoren wirken. Die Resultate sind über den untersuchten Zeitraum konstant und damit keine Folge des Endes der solidarischen Lohnpolitik. Während jüngere Menschen eine höhere Migrationswahrscheinlichkeit ...
Recent research suggests that economic inequality thwarts attempts to establish a welfare state. The corollary of this view is that today's welfare states had witnessed an equality revolution already before the rise of social policies aiming at redistribution. The paper brings this insight to bear on the creation of the welfare state in Sweden, for many the very model of a universal welfare state, and enquires into whether equality really predated the formation of universal welfare policies in the 1950s. We present evidence on inequality based on labor market outcomes and corroborate the view that there has been a sharp reduction in inequality during the 1930s and 1940s. Hence Sweden underwent a true equality revolution prior to the establishment of the welfare state. A leveling of incomes is a necessary precondition for the rise of the universal welfare state, we suggest, because of trust, which correlates negatively with inequality. High trust levels solve the problems associated with collective goods and boosts support for universal solutions of income security. The paper provides a narrative in which the formation of institutions, the removal of large income differentials, and the creation of higher trust levels interacted in the 1930s and 1940s to form the foundation for the welfare state in the 1950s. It adopts a dynamic view of trust by departing from the assumption that trust arises endogenously as a concomitant to changes in the underlying fundamentals like income inequality and redesigned institutional frameworks.
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