Dynamics as an immanent language Sign SUmmary a language is a unity of the stable and variable, statics and dynamics, manifested in space and time and realized in chronological continuity-from the older forms of its existence to modern ones. Specifically reproducing the surrounding world, the language constantly undergoes the internal structural changes. Social factors, historical events and activities of bright personalities stimulate and, directly or indirectly, guide the directions of the language dynamics. The study of such a sphere of language dynamics is considered to be promising. SaNTraUKa Kalboje atsispindi stabilumas ir kintamumas, statiškumas ir dinamiškumas, kalba pasireiškia erdvėje ir laike, ji apibūdinama chronologiniu tęstinumu nuo senųjų iki šiuolaikinių jos egzistavimo formų. atkurdama aplinkinį pasaulį, kalba nuolat struktūriškai iš vidaus kinta. Šiuos pokyčius sąlygoja įvairūs socialiniai veiksniai, istoriniai įvykiai ir ryškių asmenybių veikla, kurie tiesiogiai arba netiesiogiai skatina kalbą kisti, nukreipia kalbos vystymosi dinamiką įvairiomis kryptimis. Kalbos vystymosi dinamikos tyrimas laikomas perspektyviu.

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Changes in society and in different areas of human activities, new historical and geopolitical conditions of existence of modern European states bring significant amendments in communicative strategy of speakers, help to appear innovative words and meanings, which reflect new facts of life of society. Social reasons of lingual changes are bound to communicative function of language, to desire to implement own abilities in providing of needs of society in communication, which helps to seek the most useful and semantically full tools of nomination. Newly created words "code" information in different aspects about particularities of life of certain epoch. Their quantity grows in critical moments of development of society, and Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022 became one of them. Innovations in language have collected all specter of emotions of Ukrainian people to invaders, their political assistants in Europe and world and attitude of Ukrainians to impotence and passivity of majority of Russians.Surnames of famous political persons and public figures (макронити, шойгувати, кадирити кімити, арестовлення, байденотерапія, путінферштеєр), their dominant properties (кремлівський терорист, рашистський фюрер, гебіст рашист, путіночет, путлер, лаптенфюрер, хапутін, капутін, пітерський гопник, директор бюро ритуальних послуг, бункерний хробак, кадебістський маніяк), literature characters (орки), Ukrainian toponims (чорнобаїти, начорнобаїти, відірпінити, перегостомелити), borrowing (путінферштеєр, байрактар, джавелін, стінгер) and other words were a motivator of creation of new words. Ukrainians use "language shield" as powerful tool of resistance against invaders, which helps to identify occupants by code words, using well known "shibolet" method, used in military tactic in many states in world.

Background: Derivation is an important factor of the lexicon development of every language and Ukrainian in particular. The lexicological aspect of this phenomenon, however, has not been researched in proper manner yet. Purpose: The goal of the article is to enhance the learners’ understanding of the value and opportunities of semantic derivation as a significant factor of the lexicon development of the Ukrainian language in a certain time period as well as to rationalize the employment of a lexicographic approach to the analysis of lexical depository development of the language in diachrony. Discussion: Changes in a language lexicon in different historical periods may differ by quantity of exposed new units, areas of their functioning and further development in the structure of a language. Such changes may reveal themselves in acquiring new meanings by native and borrowed lexemes as a result of metonymic transformations, phrase or set phrase coinage, generalization or particularization of meaning, connotation development, ranking of semantic units. It’s important to understand that lexicon which had existed before new words appeared also changes in the process of the development of new nominative units. Although lexicographical sources do not always reflect new semantic shades of a word, it’s impossible to define this lexicon as unchangeable, since relations between lexemes change. Therefore, semantic evolution is frequently hidden behind formally unchanged lexemes

[Karlova V. О. Cognitive-matrix Modelling of Borrowed Vocabulary in the Old English Poem "Beowulf" (Specialty 035 Philology. Kyiv, 2020. 303 p.)]