In recent decades, mosquito-borne illnesses have emerged as a major health burden in many tropical regions. These diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus infection, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus infection, are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. These pathogens have been shown to interfere with the host’s immune system through adaptive and innate immune mechanisms, as well as the human circulatory system. Crucial immune checkpoints such as antigen presentation, T cell activation, differentiation, and proinflammatory response play a vital role in the host cell’s response to pathogenic infection. Furthermore, these immune evasions have the potential to stimulate the human immune system, resulting in other associated non-communicable diseases. This review aims to advance our understanding of mosquito-borne diseases and the immune evasion mechanisms by associated pathogens. Moreover, it highlights the adverse outcomes of mosquito-borne disease.

Due to their traditional therapeutic use, Ocimum Sanctum (Tulsi) and Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) have been subjected to numerous antibacterial tests. To compare the antibacterial effects of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) as well as Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) as well as Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The method of agar well diffusion was used. In addition, different phytochemical tests were carried out. Aside from the froth test, tannin tests; Sterol tests showed positive. All of the results are presented in the form of a graph and various tables. When turmeric was used, it exhibited a 22 mm Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) in E. coli and a 17 mm ZOI in Staphylococcus aureus. When tulsi was applied, however, roughly 20mm of ZOI was found in both E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. At six different concentrations, the diameter of ZOI was measured, methanol extract of both the Turmeric and tulsi, including 0.2 g/ml, 0.3 g/ml, 0.4 g/ml, 0.5 g/ml, 0.6 g/ml, and 0.7 g/ml.In conclusion, Tulsi leaf extract and Turmeric curcumin extract were collected to perform various antibacterial activities. The agar well diffusion method was used in this study. The bactericidal activity of different concentrations of extracts varied significantly.

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