The mysticism that developed in Javanese society was caused by several elements that lay behind it. The purpose of this study is to describe the element of Javanese mysticism developing. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis method. The source of research data is Suti's novel by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The data in this study are excerpts of dialogue and narration in Suti's novel by Sapardi Djoko Damono. Data analysis techniques were carried out in stages according to Miles and Huberman with steps including: (1) data reduction stages; (2) data presentation stage; (3) conclusions and verification of data. The results of the study are as follows: elements of the development of Javanese mysticism in the novel Suti by Sapardi Djoko Damono found that there were four elements, namely (a) an element of rationality, namely the economic difficulties experienced by villagers to meet their daily needs; (b) the element of value is the form of respect for ancestors by still applying something that has been trusted; (c) elements of tradition in the form of beliefs of sacred tombs and taught from generation to generation from generation to generation; (d) the affective element is imitating factors and village priyayi actions when sowan to the tomb and set an example in accordance with village priyayi.   Keyword: element, Javanese mysticism, priyayi, Suti   Abstrak   Mistisisme yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Jawa disebabkan oleh beberapa unsur yang melatarbelakanginya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan unsur berkembangnya mistisisme masyarakat Jawa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian yaitu novel Suti karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan dialog dan narasi dalam novel Suti karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara bertahap menurut Miles dan Huberman dengan langkah-langkah meliputi: (1) tahap reduksi data; (2) tahap penyajian data; (3) tahap penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: unsur berkembangnya mistisisme masyarakat Jawa dalam novel Suti karya Sapardi Djoko Damono ditemukan terdapat empat unsur yaitu (a) unsur rasionalitas yakni kesulitan ekonomi yang dialami warga desa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari ; (b) unsur nilai yakni bentuk penghormatan terhadap leluhur dengan masih menerapkan sesuatu yang telah dipercayai; (c) unsur tradisi yakni berupa kepercayaan makam keramat dan diajarkan dari generasi ke generasi secara turun-temurun; (d) unsur afektif yakni faktor meniru adab dan tindakan priayi desa ketika sowan ke makam dan melakukan teladan sesuai dengan priayi desa.   Kata kunci: unsur, mistisisme Jawa, priayi, Suti

This research aims to know the influence of students’ score comparison in the cognitive and affective aspect, using AIR and VAK learning model. This sample research is VIII-A, with using VAK learning model as experimental class 1 and VIII-B using AIR learning model meanwhile sampling technique that is using pursosive sampling technique. This researcher used quasy eksperimental research. The design that researcher use is (control group pretest-posttest design). The data is being analyze by using normalized gain used microsoft excel program that aim to know improvement of students’ score. Then the data tested statistically to pretest and postest students’ score by doing normality test, homogeneity and t-test by using microsoft excel program. The average value in the cognitive aspect, the N-gain score of AIR class is fair category, the N-gain score of VAK class is high category. In the affective aspect VAK class is better of the VAK class. The result of statistical test calculated tcount > ttabel its mean that Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted. The result of this research showing that the magnitude of effectiveness AIR and VAK model is the fair category. VAK model more effective than AIR model.

The purpose of this research is to describe the social structures and the forms of power as well as their repetition from colonial era to New Order. This study used a sociological approach to literature with the theory of power hegemony proposed by Gramsci. This research was a type of descriptive-qualitative research. The data in this research are narratives, dialogues, and monologues quoted from the novel Balada Supri written by Mochamad Nasrullah. The results of this research showed that in the colonial era, th social structure consisted of colonizer and colonized group whereas in New Order era, there were government official group, which was supported by the capital owner group, and ordinary people group. In regard with the form of power, colonial era showed the dominance of violence and hegemony that was countered by native resistance through violence sas well. Meanwhile, in New Order era, there appeared to be violence and hegemony dominance with the resistance in the form of hegemony over intellectuals. On the other hand, the social structure and the form of power in the colonial era, particularly the dominance of violence, still continued in New Order era and was termed as neocolonialism.

Aceh's local politics raised the background in the novel Tanah Langit Merah by Arafat Nur. The purpose of this study is to represent the facts of Aceh's local politics in the novel Tanah Surga Merah. This study uses a sociological approach to literature. The type of research used is qualitative research using descriptive analysis. The source of the research data is the novel Tanah Langit Merah by Arafat Nur. The data in the study are dialogue quotations, monologues, and narratives in novels that reveal the facts of Aceh's local politics. Data analysis techniques were carried out in stages in accordance with Miles and Huberman with steps containing: (1) data reduction; (2) data intoxication of presentation; (3) listen to conclusions and verify data. The results of the study consisted of the facts of Aceh's local politics in the novel Tanah Langit Merah by Arafat Nur found the dominance of political parties, the strategy of egoism of political parties, and the make the money for everything.