Numerical simulations are carried out for fluid flow and natural convection heat transfer induced by a temperature difference between a hot inner cylinder with different geometries (i.e., circular; triangular; elliptic; rectangular; and rhombic) and a cold outer square enclosure filled with nanofluid superposed porous-nanofluid layers. The Darcy–Brinkman model is applied for the saturated porous layer with nanofluid. Moreover, the transport equations (mass, momentum, and energy) are solved numerically using the Galerkin weighted residual method by dividing the domain into two sets of equations for every layer with incorporating a nonuniform mesh size. The considered domains in this investigation are closely examined over a wide range of Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Darcy number (10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 10−1), the thickness of porous layer (0% ≤ Xp ≤ 100%), thermal conductivity ratio (1 ≤ Rk ≤ 20), and nanoparticle volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.1), respectively. The nanofluid is considered to be composed of Ag-nanoparticle and water as a base fluid. The results showed that the obtained total surfaces-averaged Nusselt numbers of the enclosure, in all cases, at the same operating conditions, the rate of heat transfer from the outer enclosure which the triangular cylinder is located inside is better. Also, as the thickness of the porous layer is increased from 20% to 80%, the free convection performance will decrease significantly (to about 50%) due to the hydrodynamic properties of the porous material.
This research objectives is to know the in uence of the ease of use, bene ts, risks, security and the ease of access to the use of mobile banking. This research took 249 respondents of 265 questionnaires received. Respondents taken by accidental sampling, and analyzed using multiple regression of SPSS 17. This research showed that easiness of operation and usefulness are not signi cant. Risk, easiness of access and security are signi cant.
Petani di Kabupaten Jember selama ini masih memiliki kesadaran yang lemah untuk bergeser dari pertanian non organik menuju pertanian organik. Mereka masih terlena dengan sistem penerapan teknologi pertanian yang serba cepat dan mudah. Padahal telah disosialisasikan oleh para penyuluh bahwa produktivitas lahan dengan sistem organik semakin tinggi, biaya produksi cenderung lebih rendah dan harga output lebih bersaing di pasar. Keberadaan kelompok tani juga tidak banyak memberikan pengaruh yang berarti terhadap tingkat partisipasi anggotanya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis peran kelompok tani dalam mendorong partisipasi anggotanya terhadap penerapan budidaya padi organik, dan 2) Menganalisis pengaruh persepsi petani tentang jaminan harga produk padi organik terhadap tingkat pertisipasi petani. Digunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif melalui teknik survei. Digunakan analisis deskriptif dan skoring melalui pendekatan skala Likert dan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa peran kelompok tani cukup berhasil dalam mendorong anggotanya untuk menerapkan sistem pertanian organik dengan argumentasi sebagai berikut: 1) Kurangnya pengetahuan dan peran kelompok tani dalam memberi informasi terkait organic farming (44%), 2) Rendahnya tingkat kesadaran petani, kurang sabar dan tidak mau ruwet (12%), 3) Minimnya informasi terkait sistem pertanian organik dari PPL setempat (24%) , dan 4) Jaminan pasar produk organik belum meyakintan para petani (20%). Adapun faktor persepsi petani terhadap jaminan harga produk berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat partisipasi petani dalam penerapan budidaya padi organik.
The objective of this research is to observe reproductive biology of Indian mackerel in Takalar coastal waters through gonad maturity development, the first size of mature gonad, spawning, gonado somatic index (GSI), and fecundity. Sampling was done for eight months started from March to October 2015. Gonad maturity stage was observed morphologically, spawning season focusing on direct observation result toward gonad by identifying Indian mackerel which has spawned.GSI was analyzed based on comparison between gonad weight and Indian mackerel weight while fecundity was observed by gravimetric method. Analysis result shows that Indian mackerel gonad maturity throughout the year with peak occurring in July and August. GSI was around 0,928-4,490. The first size of gonad mature of female Indian mackerel is 21,18 cm and male Indian mackerel is 21,31 cm. Spawning occurs after peak of gonad maturity so next month, value of maturity index decreases slowly and gradually. Indian mackerel has total fecundity around 11.235- 40.878 granule. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati biologi reproduksi ikan kembung lelaki di perairan pesisir Takalar melalui perkembangan kematangan gonad, ukuran pertama matang gonad, musim pemijahan, indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), dan fekunditas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama delapan bulan mulai Maret sampai Oktober 2015. Perkembang-an kematangan gonad diamati secara morfologi. Musim pemijahan mengacu pada hasil pengamatan langsung terhadap gonad dengan mendata ikan kembung lelaki yang telah memijah. IKG dianalisis berdasarkan perbandingan antara bobot gonad dan bobot tubuh ikan kembung lelaki, sedangkan fekunditas dihitung dengan metode gravimetrik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ikan kembung lelaki mengalami kematangan gonad sepanjang tahun dengan puncak terjadi pada bulan Juli dan Agustus. IKG berkisar 0,928-4,490. Ukuran ikan kembung lelaki betina kali pertama matang gonad adalah 21,18 cm dan jantan adalah 21,31 cm. Pemijahan terjadi setelah puncak kematangan gonad sehingga pada bulan berikutnya terjadi penurunan nilai indeks kematangan secara perlahan dan bertahap. Ikan kembung lelaki memiliki fekunditas total berkisar 11.235-40.878 butir.
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