Rationale:The association of rs738409 I148M polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been confirmed for several ethnic and territorial groups. Up to now, no such studies have been performed in the populations of Yakutia.Aim:To study allele frequency distribution and to identify associations of the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism (rs738409 C>G) with T2DM in the Yakuts.Materials and methods: DNA samples from 106 T2DM patients were used in the study; the control group included samples from 72 healthy volunteers. All study participants were ethnic Yakuts and were living in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation. rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene was studied by polymerase chain reaction and by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:There were no significant difference in the distribution of the allele frequencies and genotypes of the polymorphous variant of the PNPLA3 gene (rs738409) between the T2DM patients and the healthy control. Both groups showed prevailing allele G (р = 0.01) and homozygous genotype GG (96%).Conclusion:High frequency of the allele G (74.1%) with predominance of GG genotype (58.5%) was found in type 2 diabetic patients.
Исследования зарубежных и отечественных ученых свидетельствуют о частом сочетании неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП) и сахарного диабета 2-го типа (СД 2-го типа). Сочетание данных заболеваний отягощает течение друг друга, значительно повышая вероятность развития у пациента фиброза печени, гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, а также высокой смертности. Цель: изучение распределения частот аллелей среди русского и якутского населения Республики Саха (Якутия), а также поиск ассоциаций полиморфного варианта гена C22orf20 (rs738409 C>G) с заболеваниями печени у пациентов, страдающих СД 2-го типа. Для исследования использованы образцы ДНК (n=178) с диагнозом СД 2-го типа и сопутствующими заболеваниями печени (диагноз верифицирован в медицинских организациях по месту жительства). В состав выборки вошли 27 пациентов русской и 151 пациент якутской национальностей. Группой сравнения служила выборка из 135 здоровых добровольцев русской национальности и 246 здоровых добровольцев якутской национальности. Анализ распределения частот аллелей и генотипов полиморфного варианта гена C22orf20 (rs738409) в изученных выборках показал различие между якутами и русскими как у здоровых добровольцев, так и среди страдающих заболеваниями печени. Установлено достоверное отличие между частотами генотипов и аллелей гена C22orf20 (rs738409) у русских и якутов как среди здоровых добровольцев, так и у больных СД 2-го типа с заболеваниями печени. Частота встречаемости аллеля G в группе здоровых якутов была достоверно выше (OR-3,085; 95% CI: 2,260-4,210; р<0,001), чем в группе здоровых русских. При анализе распределения частот генотипов и аллелей среди здоровой выборки и выборки пациентов с заболеваниями печени как в русской, так и в якутской популяциях достоверных различий не обнаружено.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. It has been reported that specific variants of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene, notably SNPs rs738409 and rs2294918 are associated with high risks of liver disease. PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism is the main determinant of fatty liver and affects development and progression of NAFLD. rs2294918 is another SNP localised in PNPLA3 gene, it is associated with reduced expression of the PNPLA3 protein, lowering the effect of the rs738409:G variant on predisposition to steatosis and liver damage. The frequencies of alleles, genotypes, haplotypes and diplotypes (combinations of genotypes at two loci) of polymorphic variants of the PNPLA3 gene (rs2294918 and rs738409) were studied in the cohort of Yakuts (n = 150) living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Genotyping of PNPLA3 (rs738409 and rs2294918) was performed by PCR-PDRF method. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 (I148M) of the PNPLA3 gene in the Yakut population is characterised by a high frequency of the risk allele G (72%). Analysis of the distribution frequency of the rs2294918 polymorphism genotypes showed that the allele G was predominant in 89.3% of individuals of the studied group of Yakuts. In this study, we identified two major diplotypes [GG][GG] and [CG][GG]. The high frequency of the mutant rs738409: G variant in Yakuts may be an adaptation of the organism to low temperatures. The study of the adiponutringene may be an important key to understanding the mechanisms of adaptation to low temperatures and metabolic processes in the indigenous population of the North.
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