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With ageing, there is a decline in hormone levels, including oestrogen, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and growth hormone. Replacement of these hormones has been investigated and reviewed in this paper. There are still controversies regarding the benefits and risks of replacement therapy.

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Antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts of Eachinacia angustfiloa was investigated. The extracts were tested against both Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungi organisms Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans at different doses of 0.5 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 1.5 mg/ml using cup plate and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The Eachinacia angustfiloa extract exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the tested organisms. The concentration of the extract that inhibits growth of the organism at a 530 nm MIC was found to be 400, 500, 600 and 900 µg/ml and MBC value was found to be 700, 900 and 1000 µg/ml, respectively.

No abstract