To estimate the prevalence of ROP and identify risk factors and co-morbidities associated with it. This cross-sectional study was performed, enrolling all premature babies admitted to the NICU of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, A.M.U., Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh over 18 months. Various risk factors and co-morbidities for ROP were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Out of the studied 164 infants, 29 infants (17.68%) developed ROP in one or both eyes; 51.72% (15/29) had stage 1, 31.03% (9/29) had stage 2, 10.35 % (3/29) had stage 3, and 6.90% (2/29) babies had aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP). On univariate analysis, we observed a significant association between ROP and gestational age, low birth weight, multiple gestations, mechanical ventilation, history and duration of oxygen supplementation, history of blood transfusion, respiratory distress syndrome, apnea and sepsis. However, after multivariate analysis, only low birth weight, oxygen therapy, respiratory distress syndrome and apnea were found to have a significant association with ROP. A prevalence of 17.68% emphasises the importance of neonatal screening in this region. Low birth weight, oxygen therapy, apnea, respiratory distress syndrome pose significant risk factors for ROP. Supplemental oxygen should be weaned off as early as possible,

A 23-year-old primigravida presented to the emergency department with reports of headache. On examination, her blood pressure was found to be 190/140 mm Hg. Her laboratory results were notable for proteinuria, deranged liver function and low platelets. She was diagnosed with HELLP syndrome and was delivered via caesarean section. She noticed diminution of vision 2 days after delivery. Fundus examination revealed bilateral serous retinal detachment involving the maculae. She was managed conservatively and had complete recovery of her vision by 3 weeks postpartum.

A female in her early 40s presented to the outpatient clinic for weight loss, fatigue, cough, followed by a gradual painful loss of vision in the right eye associated with redness over the past 3 months. Physical examination revealed bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy and non-healing skin ulcers on the left forearm and the left gluteal region. The patient had no light perception in the right eye and grade 4+ cells in the anterior chamber. A chest X-ray showed a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe. Histopathological tests from the skin and lymph nodes revealed caseating granulomas, raising the suspicion of tuberculosis. A sputum nucleic acid amplification test was performed, which returned positive forMycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was treated with antitubercular chemotherapy and showed encouraging signs of progress after the treatment.

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