Objective: To find the magnitude of clinically overt hypocalcaemia post-total thyroidectomy and its relation with the age of the patient. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019. Methodology: Sixty patients who were to undergo total thyroidectomy were included in the study in strict compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups according to their ages. In Group-A, patients younger than 50 and Group-B, patients older than 50 years were included. All the patients were followed up by clinical examination for the development of clinically overt hypocalcaemia and confirmed by measurement of serum calcium. Results: Mean age of the patients was 42.75±13.05 years, with an age range of 20 to 68 years. Of all the patients, 14(23.3%) were male, and 46(76.7%) were females. Seven patients in Group-A developed post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia clinically,whereas, in Group-B, only one developed this condition. Clinical post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia developed more often in the younger age group and these results were statistically significant (p= 0.023). Conclusion: Clinically overt hypocalcaemia develops more often in younger patients after total thyroidectomy.Keywords: Biochemical hypocalcaemia, Clinical hypocalcaemia, Post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia, Total thyroidectomy

OBJECTIVE:  To highlight the usefulness of ultrasonographic measurement of fetal foot length in determining fetal gestational age.  STUDY DESIGN: Prospective validation study PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY:   Radiology Department Combined Military Hospital Bahawalpur from 01July 2020 to 31Dec 2020. METHODOLOGY:    Women referred from our obstetrics OPD for antenatal ultrasound between 16 to 40 weeks were scrutinized through inclusion and exclusion criteria for selection in the study.  Record of their age, parity, gestational age by LMP and sonographic measurement of fetal foot length were endorsed on a study proforma. After the end of study period, the data was entered in SPSS version 20 to measure Pearson correlation coefficient and R2 values for highlighting the correlation between two variables. P value < 0.01 is taken as significant.    RESULTS:  A total of 153 patients were included in the study. Mean age of patients in our study is 28.64 years and second parity is most frequent being 41.8%. Data entered in SPSS version 20 for regression analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient (R) is 0.988 and R2 value is 0.977 (P- 0.000) which shows powerful linear correlation between our two variables.  CONCLUSION:  The results of our study shows excellent reliable linear correlation between fetal foot length and gestational age by LMP. Therefore, the fetal foot length so measured by ultrasonography can be used confidently for determination of gestational age in routine or when other ultrasonographic measurement parameters become unreliable. KEYWORDS:  Fetal foot length, Gestational age, Ultrasonographic age estimation.