Endodontics is a well-known branch of dentistry. As we are growing into microscopic level and signaling stages, there is a need to look back on how this reputed branch of medicine came into existence. Here, only milestones in endodontics are discussed for the reader to enhance their knowledge by having a look at the historical background of endodontics and analyze the slow evolution in this field.

Aim: To assess stress, and strain dissemination characteristics in root canal treated maxillary central incisors restored with two distinct dowel and core materials. Methodology: Five three-dimensional simulations of the central incisor in the maxilla were created with ANSYS (Canonsburg, PA) version 10. MODEL 1 represented a normal morphologic simulation of the incisor. MODEL 2 depicted the incisor with a pre-fabricated fiber-reinforced dowel with a glass ionomer core. The incisor of MODEL 3 consisted of the same pre-fabricated fiber post and composite core. MODEL 4 and MODEL 5 had pre-fabricated light-transmitting posts with a glass ionomer and a composite core, respectively. Each of these simulations was loaded in horizontal, vertical, and oblique directions with a load of 10N, 100N, and 50N, respectively. The resulting Von Mises stress and strain were determined. Results: Maximum stresses and strains were focused at the apex of the glass fiber reinforced post and were minimal in the middle section of the post, whereas maximum stresses and strains were mainly concentrated in the coronal region and were minimal in the middle portion of light-transmitting post. Conclusion: Pre-fabricated optical-transmitting dowel and composite core enhanced dentin stress and strain dispersion throughout various loading parameters.

This study aimed to evaluate the quantity of apically extruded debris during the bio-mechanical preparation of the root canal treatment. Fifteen extracted premolars with single root canal were collected and divided into three groups for this study.  Hand protaper files (reaming motion), K files (watch-wind motion), and K flex files (balanced force technique) were used. The irrigant and debris were collected in pre-weighed (using analytic scale) empty microtainer bottles. The microtainers were kept in an incubator at 700C for 4 days for complete drying and then weighed of dry debris was recorded. Statistical analysis: Data was treated for the mean values of the weight and analysed using kruskall-wallis test at a significance of 0.05. All the three motions of hand files extruded debris. Watch wind motion showed the lowest mean value whereas reaming showed the highest. There were no significant difference between the reaming motion, watch wind motion and balanced force technique (p <0.05). The study revealed that the amount of extruded debris from the apical foramen was comparatively least in watch wind motion among all the three motions in terms of the mean weight but there is no significance difference between the three Groups.