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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of tha abatract entarad In Block 20, 11 dlllerent Irom Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Conlinu avaraa aida II nacaaaary and Identify by block number) Beach nourishment Benthic communities Borrow areas Corals Fish Impacts Sea turtles 20. ABSTRACT rCbntfilu*. Tarn at^B If najc aa aary and Idenllfy by block ntimbar) This report summarizes the latest research on the effects of beach nourishment and borrowing on the coastal environment. Guidelines are formulated for sampling the beach and nearshore, and recommendations for minimizing the impact of beach nourishment and borrowing are provided. EDITION OF » MOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATtOW OF THIS PAGE (Wtmn Data Ent, PREFACE This report is published to assist coastal managers in designing and implementing coastal beach nourishment projects. The report is to be used as an aid in evaluating a project; it is not intended to replace the studies needed to identify specific impacts that may be associated with nourishment and borrow operations. The work was carried out under the U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center's (CERC) Ecological Effects of Beach Nourishment work unit, Environmental Impact Program, Environmental Quality Area of Civil Works Research and Development.

Water contamination is a severe environmental issue and has worse effects on fish health. Antioxidant system is present in all living organisms that maintain redox homeostasis by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase (CAT) is the part of antioxidant system that protect an organism from oxidative stress by detoxifying H2O2 into H2O and O2 molecule. Majority of enzymes are intermingled with other biomolecules when extracted and needed to purify so that biochemical properties can be described clearly. The first purpose of the present research work was to investigate whether tilapia produce more CAT in the chronic metal mixture stressed condition or not. While, the second purpose of the present research work was to purify and partially characterize the liver CAT from control and Pb+Cd metal mixture stressed Oreochromis niloticus. The inferences of present study showed higher liver CAT activity in control O. niloticus as compared to binary metal mixture treated O. niloticus. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed when compared liver CAT activity among control and stressed fish. Specific activity of purified liver CAT was observed 1027.52 and 946.93 Umg -1 for control and metal stressed fish, respectively. The fold purification of control and metal treated fish liver CAT was recorded 15.27 and 15.44, respectively. Optimum pH and temperature of liver CAT purified from both control and metal stressed fish was found 7 and 25°C. Km value for control and metal stressed O. niloticus liver was measured 6.82 and 1.71mM H2O2mL -1 , respectively. On the basis of present study inferences, it is concluded that chronic Pb+Cd metal mixture stress condition did not improve the yield of liver CAT but inhibited in O. niloticus.

Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) is a fresh and brackish water carnivorous, bottom dwelling and sluggish fish species that belongs to family Bagridae and found abundantly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Mayanmar (Tripathi, 1996; Rafique and Najam-Ul-Huda, 2012). Its food mainly consists of insects, crustaceans, mollusks and small fishes (Yashpal et al., 2006).Measuring the moisture percentage in a fish is a good indicator of its relative energy contents i.e. proteins and

Growth performance of Labeo rohita fingerlings was determined by using three iso-caloric diets with different protein levels against a control diet. Trial lasted for eight weeks. Fingerlings reared in triplicates under treatments viz. T1, T2, T3 and T4 (control) fed diets with 25%, 30%, 35% and 18% crude protein levels, respectively. Fingerlings under T2 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain (15.05g), length gain (40.42mm), condition factor (1.49±0.02), % specific growth rate (%SGR 2.62±1.65) followed by T3, T1 and T4, respectively. Mathematical computation of length weight relationship showed isometric growth pattern with maximum value of regression slope "b" for T2 (3.11) followed by T3, T1 and T4. Significantly (p<0.05) higher protein efficiency ratio (PER 1.93±1.11) and significantly (p<0.05) lower feed conversion ratio (FCR 2.48±1.59) was calculated for T2. Proximate analysis of carcass showed significantly (p<0.05) higher protein content for T2 (16.91±0.56). Physico-chemical parameters of water of aquaria were monitored weekly throughout trial period and were found to be within recommended ranges. It was concluded that Labeo rohita fingerlings fed diet having 30% crude protein exhibited better growth performance. Further increase in dietary protein level in T3 resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lowered values of growth indices.