Purpose: Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide with a greater prevalence in developing countries like India. Owing to speculations about the relationship of various biochemical markers and cataract formation this case-control study was designed with the aim to know the impact of serum blood sugar, serum electrolytes and serum calcium on the etiopathogenesis of cataract in Kashmiri population. Methods: A total of 300 cases diagnosed with cataract and 360 healthy controls were taken for the study. Serum of all the cases and controls was analyzed for blood sugar and calcium using spectrometric techniques. Sodium and potassium were analyzed using Ion-Selective Electrode technology. All the investigations were done on ABBOTT c4000 fully automatic clinical chemistry analyzer. Results: Most of the patients in our study were ≥50 years of age having posterior subcapsular cataract. The mean levels of serum fasting blood sugar (mg/dL), serum sodium (mmol/L), serum potassium (mmol/L) and serum calcium (mg/dL) were 99.4 ± 7.7; 140.4 ± 2.5; 4.2 ± 0.5; and 8.9 ± 0.5, respectively, in cases compared to 107.7 ± 12.3; 142.9 ± 5.0; 3.8 ± 0.5; and 8.3 ± 1.7, respectively, in healthy controls. A significantly higher number of cataract cases had elevated serum glucose and sodium levels, low serum potassium and calcium levels compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia can independently increase the patients’ risk to cataracts. Corrections in these biochemical parameters may reduce cataract incidence.

Purpose: To study the effect on IOP following Nd: YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy. Methods: In this prospective study, patients with PCO following a cataract surgery visiting Out Patient Department (OPD) of Government Medical College, Srinagar from September 2020 to September 2021 underwent Nd: YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy and were evaluated to study the IOP changes. Results: 52 patients were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 59.5±8.16 years.. Males were 55.4% and females 44.6%. The mean pre-laser IOP level was 14.27 mmHg which increased to 16.48 mmHg after 1 week and decreased back to 14.73 mmHg after 6 months. The comparison between pre-laser and post-laser 6 months IOP levels was statistically insignificant

Purpose: To study the clinical prole of Posterior Blepharitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir. Methods: In this prospective study, patients presenting with Posterior Blepharitis visiting Out Patient Department (OPD) of Government Medical College, Srinagar from January 2021 to June 2021 were enrolled and evaluated. A complete history and detailed ophthalmological evaluation was done. Results: 50 patients were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 58.36±6.42 years. Males were 56% and females 44%. Most of the cases from our study had complaints of dryness/grittiness (30%), swollen lids (18%), itching (16%), and crusted lashes (16%).

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Castleman Disease (CD) is a rare non-clonal lymphoproliferative disorder. The clinical presentation of CD often overlaps with autoimmune, infectious, or other malignant diseases. The diagnosis is confirmed by a biopsy of the affected lymph-node tissue. A 39-year-old gentleman was evaluated for intractable abdominal pain fatigue of 2 months duration. CT scan showed a 4 X 4 X 5 cm right suprarenal mass. Laparotomy and near total excision was performed which showed reactive B cells expressing CD20 and PAX5, favoring CD. Patient received adjuvant 6 cycles of Rituximab and steroids. A follow up CT scan after 3 months showed a near complete resolution.