Background: Head-to-head comparisons of combinations of more than one non-opioid analgesic (NOA) with morphine alone, for postoperative analgesia, are lacking. The objective of this multicentre, randomised, double-blind controlled trial was to compare the morphine-sparing effects of different combinations of three NOAsdparacetamol (P), nefopam (N), and ketoprofen (K)dfor postoperative analgesia.
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