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Defence innovation systems are structured around two main groups of players that interact in the development of complex programmes: the state (the client and the government agency) and the systems integrators. Technological and institutional changes since the 1990s have affected the division of labour and knowledge in the industry. In this paper, we show the origins of these changes based on information derived from 45 qualitative interviews conducted between 2000 and 2008, which demonstrate the new capabilities that have been created within the national innovation system (NIS). We explain how the role and the capabilities of the French Government Agency for Defence (Direction Generale de l'Armement—DGA) have developed from “project architect” to “project manager”. These new capabilities create new interactions in the French defence innovation system and new roles for the DGA.Technological systems, capabilities, knowledge, government agency, co-evolution, national innovation system, defence, institutional change,

The study aims at identifying the role of traditional and new factors that contribute to attracting highly educated workers. We summarized the key literature facts and performed econometric analyses on previously unused data on both internal and external migration with higher education in the Russian regions from 2008 to 2019. Our methodology differs from traditional models based on migration flows between destinations and focuses on characteristics of receiving regions. We showed that densely populated metropolitan areas with broader labour markets opportunities stimulate highly skilled mobility; higher income, new vacancies and housing availability are among significant traditional factors. However, migrants with higher education