The impact of the extraction technique and genotype on the oil yield and profile/concentration of fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols, and squalene in oil obtained from the seeds of three Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) cultivars (“Rondo,” “Darius,” and “Rasa”) are studied. The oil recovery from Japanese quince seeds is affected by two factors; extraction technique, and genotype. The lowest oil recovery is recorded for the cold‐press method and cv. “Rondo,” and the highest for ultrasonic extractions and cv. “Rasa.” The profile of fatty acids in Japanese quince seed oil is dominated by three fatty acids C18:2, C18:1, and C16:0. The extraction method does not impact fatty acid and tocopherol composition as well as squalene content, as opposed to genotype, which has a statistically significant impact. The composition of tocopherols in the Japanese quince seed oil is dominated by the α‐T (97%), while the β‐T and γ‐T constituted only minor level (below 2% of each). The extraction type and genotype have a significant impact on the composition of the most of sterols. Regardless of the type of extraction and genotype, the β‐sitosterol consists of over 80% of total sterols in Japanese quince seed oil. The plant genotype is the key factor, which determines the profile of the fatty acids and the concentration of bioactive compounds in the extracted oil from Japanese quince seed, while the extraction technique plays a secondary role. Practical Applications: The agro‐industrial by‐products generated by the fruit industry, for example, seeds, continue to rise year to year. One of the more popular processed fruit crop is Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica). This study demonstrates the impact of the extraction technique (four methods of extractions: cold‐pressing, supercritical CO2 fluid, ultrasound‐assisted, and Soxhlet) and genotype (three cultivars “Rondo,” “Darius,” and “Rasa”) on oil yield, fatty acid profile, and concentration of tocopherols, sterols, and squalene. Provided information can help with more efficient utilization of the tonnes of seeds generated by the fruit industry and consequently contributing to the more effective use of harvested plant material as well as health, economic, and environmental benefits. The impact of the extraction technique and genotype on the oil yield and profile/concentration of fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols and squalene in oil obtained from the seeds of three Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) cultivars (“Rondo,” “Darius,” and “Rasa”) are studied. The plant genotype is the key factor which determines the profile of the fatty acids and the concentration of bioactive compounds in the extracted oil from Japanese quince seed, while the extraction technique plays a secondary role.

Milk thistle oils are available on the market and appeal to consumers because of their healthy properties as cold-pressed oils. The raw material for producing such oils is purchased from a range of domestic and foreign sources. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of drying temperature on the peroxide value, acid value, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and phytosterol contents in the lipid fraction extracted from milk thistle seeds. The seeds were purchased in three different farms and were dried in a thin layer at 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, 120°C, and 140°C. The level of phytosterols and the fatty acid composition were determined using GC-FID, while tocopherols concentrations were determined using HPLC. The study showed that the quality of seeds used in the production of oil varies. The drying of milk thistle seeds using air cooler than 80°C caused no statistically significant changes in AV, p-AnV, phytosterol levels, tocopherols, or SFA levels. Drying temperatures in the 100-140°C range caused significant losses of phytosterols and tocopherols and also resulted in changes in fatty acid composition. When seeds were dried at 140°C, phytosterol levels dropped by 19-23%, tocopherols by 10-23%, MUFA by 30%, and PUFA by 11%.

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AbstraktWstęp. Jakość olejów roślinnych tłoczonych na zimno zależy od gatunku, odmiany i jakości surowca. Celem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie wpływu odmiany i metody uprawy na właściwo-ści fizyczno-chemiczne olejów lniankowych tłoczonych na zimno. Materiał i metody. Analizie poddano oleje lniankowe tłoczone z różnych form lnianki. Surowiec użyty do produkcji pochodził z Polski oraz z Rosji. Oleje były wytłoczone przez jednego producenta z nasion różniących się terminem zbioru. W badanych olejach oznaczono liczbę kwasową i liczbę nadtlenkową metodą miareczkową, profil kwasów tłuszczowych metodą GC-FID, stabilność oksydatywną z użyciem aparatu Rancimat, zawartość fitosteroli metodą GC-FID, zawartość tokoferoli i karotenoidów metodą HPLC. Wyniki. Wartości liczby kwasowej badanych olejów mieściły się w granicach od 0,67 do 6,87 mg KOH w 1 g, a liczby nadtlenkowej -w przedziale od 1,93 do 5,12 meq O2 w 1 kg. Czasy indukcji były zróżnicowane i wynosiły od 4,79 do 7,51 h. Badane oleje charakteryzowały się bardzo dużą zawartością kwasu linolenowego (ALA) -na poziomie 35,05-40,36%. Całkowita zawartość tokoferoli we wszystkich badanych olejach była na zbliżonym poziomie i wynosiła od 66,51 do 78,89 mg w 100 g. Zawartość karotenoidów była bardzo zróżnicowana i wynosiła od 8,11 do 54,07 mg/kg. Wnioski. Forma nasion lnianki wykorzystanych do tłoczenia nie miała istotnego wpływu na właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne uzyskanych olejów. Badane oleje charakteryzowały dużą zawartością NNKT, w tym kwasu linolenowego. Dominującym sterolem był β-sitosterol, a tokoferolem -γ-tokoferol. Oleje charakteryzowała mała stabilność oksydatywna.