High-Curie temperature (Tc > 350 °C) lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics cofired with low-cost pure silver (Ag) have been investigated for the manufacture of actuators for high-temperature applications. One percent of a low-firing additive, LiBiO2, was added to the conventionally calcined Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT 52/48) powder and ground to 0.2 µm in average particle size, using yttrium toughened zirconia (YTZ) balls. PZT 52/48 ceramics fired at 850 °C showed a density = 7.9 g/cm3, an electromechanical coupling factor planar mode kp = 0.60, a piezoelectric constant d33 = 500 pm/V and a high Tc = 370 °C. PZT green sheets of 60 µm thickness with Ag metal paste were laminated and cofired at 850 °C. PZT ceramics cofired with Ag exhibited displacement corresponding to d33 = 363 pm/V; no Ag dispersion into PZT ceramics was detected. These results imply that the high-Tc cofired PZT ceramics with pure Ag internal electrodes are feasible for actuators in high-temperature applications.
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