Eggs are of considerable importance in feeding the population, as they are a relatively inexpensive and complex food source of very high biological value. The daily animal protein requirement for the human body can be covered with eggs in the cheapest way and with the lowest environmental impact. As animal welfare, as well as environmental and health awareness issues, become increasingly prominent in developed countries, consumer demand for eggs has also changed significantly in recent years, with an increasing number of consumers buying eggs produced in non-cage housing systems. In recent years, cage housing has been more frequently debated in EU member states. An initiative was launched in 2018 to end cage housing technologies and the sale of eggs produced in this way. However, in addition to animal welfare, a number of other factors need to be considered in relation to sustainable production. For this reason, the aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the sustainability issues of various housing technologies, as well as quality factors affecting consumer health and egg consumption based on the relevant international references and databases. Although there is a growing demand for products produced in non-cage housing systems due to the increasing relevance of environmental protection, health awareness and animal welfare issues in Western societies, research has shown that non-caged production is not the best solution for environmentally, socially and economically sustainable egg production.

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Duck typically represents a smaller proportion in the poultry meat production of the world. However, certain European, as well as Eastern and South Asian countries produce a significant amount of duck meat. In the recent decades, production significantly increased both in these regions and worldwide. This study focuses on the international situation of the duck sector, as well as changes in production and trade trends. In addition, RCA indexes were used to examine the comparative advantages of duck meat and meat products in the world market of waterfowl products in the case of the most significant exporting countries of the world. It can be concluded that even though certain exporting countries have various trade and competitive advantages in the case of different products, other regions must face disadvantages.

AThe image of table eggs and egg consumption habits were negatively influenced by the American National Cholesterol Education Program based on the misperception that dietary cholesterol affects serum cholesterol levels in blood. Research in recent years, which is less well-known and widespread in the public awareness, has refuted this theory. Eggs are miracle foods containing 40 proteins and 18 amino acids, and rich in vitamins and minerals, with the same biological value as breast milk. Moreover, eggs have functional properties which can make it one of the possible tools for improving public health because it reduces the risk of a large number of diseases, and helps brain function and foetal development, and strengthens the immune system. Nevertheless, the Hungarian egg consumption and production were down in recent years. Stopping and reversing this trend are needed as quickly as possible. The aim of this study is to summarize the latest research results on eggs and its nutritional significance, which is able to provide a basis for adequate information to consumers and updating the knowledge of related disciplines.

AIn the last years many changes occurred in the egg sector in Hungary; the sector's participants have to face with a number of challenges today as well. Both egg production and consumption decreased significantly in Hungary. The objectives of present survey are (1) to identify factors which are important for domestic customers in the course of purchase and consumption of table egg and (2) to investigate how informed the consumers are as regards table egg. To examine the aforementioned objectives online inquiry was applied, in pursuance of it 729 appreciable questionnaire put in. 99 percent of respondents consume eggs occasionally or regularly, while 79.1 percent of them buy as well. The findings suggest that the freshness and soundness of egg the most important factors for the domestic consumers. On the other hand trademark, price of kilogram and colour of egg influence on the decision of customer less. Present study only focuses on the importance of the factors influencing purchase and consumption, furthermore it introduces the consumers' opinion on these factors. On the strength of disposable database further examinations are necessary to identify of coherence connected to table egg consumption and purchase.Kulcsszavak: : étkezési tojás fogyasztás, fogyasztói szokások, vásárlási szokások, befolyásoló tényezők Keywords: table egg consumption, consumer attitude, purchase behaviour, influence factors Bevezetés -IntroductionA világ tojástermelése az elmúlt két évtizedben jelentősen átalakult. Nemcsak a megtermelt tojás mennyisége, hanem annak kontinensek közötti aránya is megváltozott. Míg a nemzetközi termelés volumene folyamatosan nő, addig az Európában előállított tojás mennyisége és ezzel a világ termeléséből való részesedése csökkent 1990-hez képest [12]. Az ágazat szereplőinek -főképp az Európai Unión belül -számos kihívással kell szembenézniük: a takarmányárak folyamatosan változnak, az állatjóléti és élelmiszer-biztonsági előírások szigorodnak, valamint a fogyasztói igény a magas minőségű termékek iránt egyre nő [15]. Az elmúlt években a legjelentősebb változást a 1999/74/EK irányelv jelentette, melynek értelmében 2012. január 1-től szabályozták a tartási körülményeket a tojótyúkok esetében, s maradéktalanul fel kellett szá-molni a hagyományos ketreces tartást. Ez jelentős több-letköltséget jelentett a termelők számára.Hazánkban a 2012. évi nyilvántartások szerint az üze-mek mintegy 52%-a berendezett ketrecet használ a termelés során, melyek kapacitása mintegy 4,2 millió tyúk, ez az összes férőhely 70%-át teszi ki. Az adott évben a ketreces tartástechnológiában a tyúkok létszáma 3,1 millió volt. A termelők közel 43%-a alternatív (mélyalmos, volier) tartástechnológiát alkalmaz, a tyúkok 21%-át (850 000 darab) így tartják. A szabadtartásos és ökológiai tartástechnológiában termelők aránya elenyésző, előbbi az üzemek 4%-át, míg utóbbi mindössze 1%-át jelenti [14].