Relevance. Anatomical and functional disorders in congenital clefts may be various. Their severity depends on the cleft size and on the combination of a cleft lip with an alveolar cleft. Alveolar cleft bone grafting (ACBG) is one of the most important surgeries for patients with cleft lip and palate rehabilitation. The study aimed to analyze the results of alveolar cleft bone grafting in various age groups, summarizing the available data and supplementing them with our own experience.Materials and methods. In our clinic, 488 patients of different ages (from 4 to 18 years old), including patients with bilateral clefts, underwent ACBG.Results. The result analysis showed the time of surgery should depend not on the child's age but on the orthodontic preparation of the child for ACBG.Conclusion. The literature data and our experience allowed us to develop indications for ACBG at different ages

Relevance. Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (also known as Melnick-Fraser syndrome) is a rare syndrome characterized by hearing loss, renal malformations and branchial cyst (fistula) association. The article describes a clinical case of a boy with an atypical clinical picture of branchio-oto-renal syndrome.Material and methods. The patient was admitted to our clinic with acute inflammation, complaints of hearing loss and a fistulous tract in the right retromandibular region.Results. After the acute inflammation resolution and necessary investigations, the patient underwent a fistulectomy for diagnosis verification. We analyzed the patient routing from the first presentation to the patient's GP to the final diagnosis in our clinic. Based on this clinical case result analysis, we offered optimal diagnosis and treatment tactics for patients with Melnick-Fraser syndrome.Conclusion. Correct branchio-oto-renal syndrome diagnosis requires careful history taking, clinical examination and multidisciplinary team involvement. This approach will allow the patient to receive a full range of treatments with quality-of-life preservation.

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Background: Nasal obstruction, snoring, mouth breathing, ear ache is some of the most common problems encountered in pediatric otorhinolaryngological practice. The most common cause for the above symptoms is adenoid hypertrophy. Methods: Patients with age group of 4-16 years with symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy such as snoring, mouth breathing, ear ache and adenoid hypertrophy confirmed by Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy and Radiological Investigations were included. Previous H/o surgery for adenoidectomy, bleeding disorders, cases with cleft palate or previous H/o cleft palate repair neuromuscular / craniofacial anomalies were excluded.   Results: 3.10 mean grade was seen among study participants, with 39% of children having Grade 4 adenoids, 35% having Grade 3 adenoids, and 26% having Grade 2 adenoids. Snoring, nasal obstruction, and breathing scores all decreased statistically significantly. Conclusions: A microdebrider-assisted adenoidectomy has shown to provide full clearance with only a minor increase in haemorrhage and process time.

Ultrasound examination of the skin was performed on 63 women, using a 10–22 MHz high frequency linear transducer on the scanning surface in B-mode and Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) mode with the scanning depth of 7 mm, as well as a 6–18 MHz transducer in B-mode with the scanning depth of 15 mm. The thickness of the dermis was measured between the epidermis and the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the middle and lower third of the face at standard points. To determine the border between the dermis and hypodermis, we used the subdermal vascular plexus as an additional anatomical landmark, which was well visualized in the CDI mode. Comparison of three or more groups of independent quantitative parameters was carried out using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) for looking for dependencies in the data obtained by determining the significance of differences in means. The level of significance was presented according to F. Fisher’s criterion. As a result of the analysis of variance, a significance level was 0.15, based on which it was concluded that there is no difference in measuring the thickness of the dermis with 6–18 MHz and 10–22 MHz high frequency transducers. The optimal scanning depth for measuring the skin thickness is 7–15 mm. Evaluation of the skin microcirculation should be carried out in the Doppler mode at a pulse recurrence frequency of less than 1 kHz.