Purpose:determination of correlations between parameters of special and technical fitness of kayak athletes' on 500 meters' distance. Material:in the research 29 elite athletes participated. We studied characteristics of athletes' coordination structure in natural conditions and laboratory experiment. Results:significant influence of specific adaptive reactions on workability dynamic and sport results is noted. Constant reduction of power is connected with lactate, pyruvate and other under-oxidation products' accumulation in athlete's muscles. 500 meters' distance passing in alternative regime of motor activity permits for athletes to achieve higher level of special workability. We studied four variants of 500 meters' competition distance passing. Most of athletes pass this distance by third variant (46% of all tested athletes) 21% -by the first variant; 14% -by second variant and 19% by the forth. Conclusions:achievement of high sport result is facilitated by optimal structure of competition functioning, which corresponds to the following: speed power qualities and special endurance; individual features of athletes; specific of physical qualities' manifestation, when passing definite distance.
Purpose:to develop a system for monitoring the level of special preparedness of cyclists (specialized in individual race for 4 km) on the basis of the indicators of the cardiorespiratory system. Material:The study involved bicyclists (n=14, age 18-22 years). Results:The step-increasing load to the full allows to determine the maximum functional opportunities of the body of cyclists. The coefficient of efficiency of the functioning of the cardiovascular system is equal to the ratio of the average distance value of the pulse to the maximum value of the pulse. Using the linear regression equation, it is possible to predict the magnitude of the pulse at a given speed of movement. Conclusions:It is possible to find out the individual characteristics of athletes with the help of an indicator of the effectiveness of the functioning of the cardiovascular system. One can compare the activity of the cardiovascular system of athletes of different qualifications, different age groups, gender, level of preparedness. The degree of realization of the functionality of cyclists is calculated by a special formula and serves to monitor the training and competitive process. The results of the studies make it possible to predict the result by evaluating the level of special physical preparation.
Purpose:to determine the efficiency of the cyclist in various tactical options. Material:In the experiments participated athletes (n = 6) of high qualification (mean age -19.8 ± 1.3 years, mean weight -71.4 ± 3.5 kg). As a model of the individual pursuit race at 4 km, a five-minute pedaling on the bicycle ergometer was used. Series of loads was set on the modernized mechanical bicycle ergometer "Monark". The five-minute bicycle ergometer test is similar to the individual pursuit race at 4 km: according to the time of the exercise; on the frequency of pedaling (110-120 rpm); on the frequency of heartbeats. Results:Tactical variants in the pursuit race at 4 km are considered. The total work in a free test was on average 106.38 ± 3.57 kJ. The operating energy consumption is on average for 379.0±16.1 kJ. The operating efficiency (economy) of the exercise attained on average for 28.0 ± 0.75%. This corresponds to the effectiveness of aerobic work of moderate power. The ratio of aerobic and anaerobic contributions to the provision of work was 77.3 and 22.7%. The smallest work was done in a test with step-increasing power. The athletes performed the closest work to the given job in the test with a variable (±15%) operating mode. The shortfall in it was on average for 0.46%. The absence of reliable differences in the economics of the work did not allow us to identify a rational variant of power distribution for an exercise lasting 5 minutes. Conclusions:Tactical options in the pursuit race for 4 km depend on the features of the power systems of the rider. When optimizing tactics, it is necessary to select an individually optimal variant of the distribution of forces at a distance.
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