When processing flax straw of fiber flax varieties of different selection and quality under production conditions of flax-cultivating and flax-processing enterprises of the Russian Federation, one of the important properties characterizing technological value of fibrous products is quality uniformity of long fiber. It was established that the range of data variation is 2 numbers and practically does not depend on the quality of flax straw when comparing average number of long fiber obtained from entire set of flax straw batches of the studied fiber flax varieties. The number variability of long fiber was expressed by variation coefficient of 5.3–5.9%. The analysis carried out on uniformity trait of long fiber number for each variety along entire flax straw quality assessment scale allowed to identify varieties with "absolute" and "high” uniformity. Varieties with "absolute" uniformity include those varieties which havevariation coefficient (V) equal to 0; "high" uniformity - varieties for which variation coefficient did not exceed 2.0% in the number of long fiber. Among the first group, there were mainly varieties of domestic selection, such as: Universal, Aleksandrit, A 93, A 29, Tomskiy 18, Lenok, Caesar, Surskiy, as well as Dashkovskiy variety of Belarusian selection (flax straw numbers 0.50; 0.75; 1.00, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00). The possibility of obtaining long fiber with a "high" uniformity was recorded among flax straw of 1.25; 1.50; 2.50 numbers of such varieties as Mogilevskiy 2, Agata, Escalina, Lira, Sofia (foreign selection) Caesar, Alexandrit, Leader, Impulse, Lenok, Tost, Tomskiy 18 (varieties of domestic origin).

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the development of standards for the transfer of modern flax varieties of domestic and foreign selection into conventional fiber with an analysis of the problems arising in the course of their application and the proposal of ways for their rational solution. Methods. According to the current regulatory documentation using a special methodological program, the values of the following characteristics were determined: the total fiber yield, the yield and quality of long and short fiber from flax of various quality according to the results of control developments carried out in the conditions of flax processing enterprises and data from the State Variety Testing involved in the study of fiber flax varieties. Results and scope. The article presents the results of the development of standards for the conversion of different quality flax of 28 varieties of fiber flax into fiber, with their values given. It has been established that in order to obtain one ton of fiber from low grade flax trees (0.50–0.75), it is necessary to process 2.9–4.2 tonnes of flax trees; from flax trees of higher quality, with a value of 1.00 and more – 2.6–3.5 tons. Some issues related to the insufficient effectiveness of the use of translation standards in practice are considered. It is noted that when developing them, it is advisable to take into account the structure of the fiber contained in the stem material of a certain type with a division into fiber types: i. e., into long and short. At the same time, the accuracy of determining the cost of the produced fiber can increase by 20 %. It is also proposed to take into account the qualitative characteristics of long and short fibers, which can contribute to the correct orientation of an agricultural producer engaged in the cultivation of flax regarding the choice of fiber flax varieties with the most valuable economic characteristics. The reserve for increasing technical and economic indicators can be ~ 10 %. The need to develop a differentiated system is substantiated, which provides for taking into account the volume of fiber when converting into a conditional using standards specifically for each flax number in the range from 1.00 to 4.00. This may lead to an increase in the size of subsidies by 2.8–6.2 %. Scientific novelty. Standards have been developed for the conversion of flax of various quality into fiber of modern fiber flax varieties of both domestic and foreign origin, common in the flax-growing regions of the Russian Federation. The ways of increasing the efficiency of application of the established translation standards are proposed.

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Abstract. The article presents information on the quality of long fiber obtained from flax of various quality of 31 varieties of flax of domestic and foreign selection during processing at flax processing enterprises of flax-growing regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to determine the strength of the influence on the quality of the long fiber obtained during the processing of flax at processing enterprises, factors of the flax-long flax variety and the number of flax. Methods. The material for the study was flax fiber, represented by 523 batches and the long fiber obtained from it. The control developments of the flax trust were carried out according to a special methodological program with an assessment of the quality of fiber products according to the current regulatory documentation. A rating assessment of varieties by the quality of long fiber and a dispersion analysis of experimental data was carried out according to the scheme of a two-factor uneven complex. Results. Using the rating assessment of varieties by the quality of long fiber, a group of varieties characterized by its highest quality was determined when determining the number of flax on the entire evaluation scale. These include the following varieties: Al’fa, Tverskoy, Zaryanka, Dashkovskiy, Mogilevskiy 2, Tomsk 16. It is noted that in the context of the numbers of the flax trust, the set of varieties with high quality of long fiber represented by the rating varies significantly. It was found that the number of long fibers obtained during the processing of flax is more dependent on the quality of the produced flax (dispersion ratio Ff = 92.0 > Fst = 8.6) than the grade factor (Ff = 6.9 > Fst = 3.3). It is shown that the solution to the problem of improving the quality of long fiber that meets the requirements of the textile industry is primarily associated with the production of high-quality flax. The flax must have a quality of at least number 1.50. Scientific novelty. The priority of the factor of the flax seed number over the factor of the flax variety is proved, and their reliable influence on the quality of the long fiber produced at flax processing enterprises.

Abstract. The article presents the results of a study to determine the technological quality of flax in 553 batches of 35 varieties of flax during primary processing in production conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the varieties of flax by yield and fiber quality when processing flax of various quality to develop proposals for choosing the optimal use for its intended purpose in the interests of the consumer. Methods. The object of the study was flax and its processed products – long and short fiber. The signs of the technological quality of the flax were determined according to the current standards. Results. When comparing the normalized and actual values of the signs of technological quality of flax, it was found that, on average, for all the varieties presented, the planned indicators are met by the output of short fiber (by 110.0–163.2 %) and the output of the entire fiber (by 102.1–118.3 %), depending on the quality of flax. The most significant non–compliance with the norms is observed in the yield of long fiber by 70.0–93.6%. From flax of such varieties as Tverskoy, Vasilek, Lider, A 93, Grant, Agata, Veralin, it is possible to obtain long and short fibers that meet the requirements of norms in all parameters. It is noted that the best ratio of complex indicators – percentage numbers of long and short fibers, which determine the efficiency of flax processing enterprises, are characterized by the varieties of flax-long-grain Grant (60.9 : 39.1). Leader (66.3 : 33.7), Tverskoy (65.9 : 34.1), Surskiy (73.8 : 26.2), Tsezar’ (66.0 : 34.0), Diplomat (59.6 : 40.4), Vasilek (66.9 : 33.1). Scientific novelty. Monitoring of flax varieties by the yield and quality of fiber from flax during primary processing makes it possible to justify the choice of the most rational use of the stem material of a particular variety according to one of the existing technologies aimed at obtaining long and short fibers or at producing the same type.