No abstract

The paper presents a technique which makes it possible to take into account contact interactions between surfaces based on the finite element method. The technique is based on iterative cycles, determining statuses of the contact elements and renewing the contact forces to satisfy the condition of zero penetration of all active contact elements. The proposed technique allows us also to take account of friction between the contacting elements. The paper considers an example of implementing contact interaction with regard to friction between bodies, and solves a model problem. 7890 O. A. Sachenkov et al.

The aim of the research is to study the features of aerosol mixture on various types of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) on a laboratory linear smoking machine to develop requirements both for the devices themselves and for the nicotine content in aerosol of liquids for ENDS. The analysis of data on aerosol collection on various types of nicotine-containing products (NCP) is relevant and in the future will allow to develop recommendations and proposals for establishing safety requirements for such devices and the composition of the aerosol produced. Since manufacturers position ENDS (e-cigarettes) as low-risk for health devices, the study of ENDS is an urgent task. The principle of operation of the devices is not associated with the combustion of tobacco as when smoking cigarettes. The article presents the results of the analysis of the nicotine content in the solid-liquid phase of the aerosol of ENDS devices. The issues of assessing the content of nicotine in the aerosol of the solid-liquid phase of innovative nicotine-containing products of such brands as «LUXLITE», «Von Erl My» and «eGo AIO» have been considered. Currently, a unified approach to the regulation of NCP and control of the content of toxic substances in the aerosol has not been developed, which leads to the use of various modes of aerosol collection on laboratory smoking machines. The article presents the aerosol collection parameters, since there are no regulatory measures to control the safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems. To determine the nicotine content in ENDS aerosol, it is recommended to use the ISO 20768 method, since when using ISO 20768exp, the stable operation of ENDS devices decreases. It has been found that different devices produce different amounts of nicotine according to the ISO 20768: 2018 aerosol collection regime. The nicotine content in the solid-liquid phase of the ENDS aerosol is influenced by the duration of the puff, and the nicotine content in the aerosol of the ENDS solid-liquid phase depends on the individual characteristics of the device operation.

Усовершенствование метода спиральной компьютерной томографии для инденфикации механических характеристик композитных и биологических материалов при расчете системы "Имплант-кость" Важнейшими достижениями современной травматологии и ортопедии является создание и внедрение имплантов для укрепления или замены

Представлен химический состав аэрозоля табачного дыма и жидкостей для электронных сигарет. Показана история появления и развития электронных систем доставки никотина на примере России и других стран. Ключевые слова: электронные системы доставки никотина, сигареты, канцерогены, бенз(а)пирен, ПАУ, электрические системы нагревания табака (ЭСНТ), устройства для парения, жидкости для вэйпа.