Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(Supl. Electrocardiography can be used to quantify the training and athletic performance as well as evaluating the cardiac function under the effect of exercise identifying the influence of cardiac anomalies, and deleterious effects of stress ahead of heart function. Considering the complexity of the physical efforts inherent in polo ponies in competitions, together with the lack of reports in the literature, on the demand resulting for heart. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the cardiac effects of electrocardiographic exercise in polo horses in order to support data for understanding the physiological cardiac demand of this sport. We evaluated 27 equine practitioner polo at rest and between five and ten minutes after exercise. The results showed that the observed changes in the duration and P wave amplitude and duration of PR and QT interval were considered in physiological response to increased heart rate. The diphasic P wave found at rest and when atrial hypertrophy represented bifida represented different points of activation of the sinoatrial node. As expected, the QRS complex has not undergone major changes. The ST-segment elevation and T wave changes observed after exercise could pose adverse effects to the myocardium, but studies examining multiple factors are needed to confirm this association and define your actual question. The increase in QTc suggested fatigue mild myocardial represented high heart demand for this type of exercise. The heart score showed that these animals were within the pattern of cardiac adaptation to a horse athlete. The rapid recovery of HR showed good conditioning of these animals. The pacemaker migration was observed in most animals proven to be a normal finding horse athlete. We observed a low incidence of changes in cardiac rhythm.INDEX TERMS: Cardiac function, electrocardiographic index, physiology exercise.

The relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and up-regulation of the antioxidant system ABA-mediated in maize was evaluated under long-term drought. Two maize genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance (BRS1010 -sensitive and DKB390 -tolerant) were exposed to two soil water levels, field capacity (FC) and water deficit (WD) at pre-flowering. After 12 days under these conditions, plants were irrigated and soil water level kept at FC until harvest.The plants BRS1010 under water deficit (WD) showed lower catalase activity and reduced levels of NO, whereas ABA and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased compared to plants under FC. Although, DKB390 plants under WD did not present changes on the activity of enzymatic antioxidant system and ABA compared to plants at FC, and cellular damage remain unaltered; this fact was associated with the increase in NO levels. As a result, DKB390 plants under WD showed harvest index values 50% higher than BRS1010 under the same condition.

RESUMO.-Considerando a complexidade do esforço ϐísico inerente a cavalos em competições de polo e da carência de relatos na literatura sobre os efeitos cardíacos resultantes de um chukker, associado ainda a dinâmica do peso, o objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar por meio da ecocardiograϐia, 27 equinos atletas de polo, submetidos à partida treino, em repouso e após o exercício. Os resultados demonstraram que esta modalidade alterou diversos índices ecocardiográϐico no período de cinco a dez minutos do término de um chukker. Foram eles, estruturais com: redução da espessura do septo interventricular e parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo e aumento do diâmetro interno do ventrí-culo esquerdo em sístole, e funcionais como: aumento do débito cardíaco e frequência cardíaca, enquanto que o volume sistólico, a fração de encurtamento e a fração de ejeção reduziram. A perda de peso corporal não foi signiϐicativa, Considering the complexity of the physical effort inherent in polo horses in competitions and the lack of reports about the cardiovascular effects resulting from a Chukker, yet the dynamics of the associated weight, the aim of this study was to evaluate by echocardiography with 27 horses polo athletes who underwent training starting at rest and after exercise. The results showed that this method has changed several echocardiographic indexes within ϐive to ten minutes before the end of a Chukker. It was they, as structural index, thickness reduction interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall and increased left ventricular diameter, and functional as an increase in cardiac output and heart rate, while stroke volume, fractional shortening and ejection fraction reduced. The weight loss was not signiϐicant, so was not associated with echocardiographic changes. These results suggest that cardiac demand was high, indicating the importance of the physical and cardiovascular training speciϐic to this modality. INTRODUÇÃOO conhecimento das exigências competitivas de diferentes esportes é importante para a concepção de programas de treinamento adequados. Assim, pode-se garantir que os animais alcancem um nível suϐiciente de condicionamento, reduzindo o risco de esforço excessivo e lesão, conseguindo melhora no desempenho em relação ao potencial genético individual. No que diz respeito à complexidade do desaϐio ϐísico que cavalos de polo são submetidos, há poucas publicações sobre as demandas ϐisiológicas dos animais em relação a essa modalidade. Sendo que, em contrariedade a maioria dos esportes equestres, a demanda ϐisiológica de um jogo de polo é variável, pois se intercalam momentos de pausa, mudanças de velocidade e direção de movimentos,

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the addition of the oil resins of sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus Vog.) and copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) to broiler diets on chicken meat composition, quality, and lipid peroxidation. 350 one-d-old broiler chicks were submitted to seven treatments, consisting of the diets supplemented with copaiba (COP) or sucupira (SUC) resin oils at three different concentrations (500, 900, and 1300 ppm) plus a negative control diet (CONT). At 37 days of age, 10 birds per treatment were selected according to the average weight of the experimental unit and slaughtered to collect breast and thigh meat, which was stored at 4°C for 24 hours to evaluate pH, color (L*, a*, b*), cooking weight loss (CWL), and shear force (SF). Raw meat was vacuum packed and stored frozen until lipid peroxidation analysis. Meat samples were pooled to prepare pre-cooked meatballs (30 ± 0.5g), stored under refrigeration (eight days), and analyzed every two days for TBARS concentration. Results were analyzed using the PROC GLM and MIXED procedures (SAS statistical software). Plant oils increased (p<0.05) breast meat humidity (HU) and crude protein (CP) levels and reduced (p<0.05) total lipid (TLC) and ash (AS) levels when compared with the CONT treatment. Plant oils increased (p<0.05) thigh meat HU when compared with the CONT. High COP dietary levels reduced (p<0.05) breast meat CWL, and increased (p<0.05) thigh meat L* values when compared to CONT, except for SUC500 and SUC900. The dietary inclusion of plant oil resins showed a pro-oxidant effect (p<0.01) on breast meat when compared with the CONT. Low SUC dietary supplementation levels significantly reduced (p<0.01) the concentration of secondary oxidation products in thigh meat.

RESUMO -A importância industrial da enzima β-galactosidase (lactase, EC 3.2.1.23) está na sua aplicação na indústria de laticínios. Esta enzima hidrolisa a lactose em seus monossacarídeos glicose e galactose, obtendo assim, alimentos com baixos teores de lactose, algo de grande importância devido ao problema da intolerância à lactose presentes em um grande número de pessoas em várias partes do mundo. Ao longo dos anos, com o intuito de melhorar a produção da β-galactosidase, esta enzima vem sendo estudada com o objetivo de obtenção de condições otimizadas de produção. Dessa forma, o estudo de parâmetros como a aeração é importante porque ele determina a oxigenação da cultura, influenciando o consumo de substrato, e permitindo ou inibindo a síntese dos produtos. Além disso, contribui para a mistura do meio de fermentação, principalmente quando a velocidade de agitação mecânica é baixa. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi o estudo da influência da aeração na produção da β-galactosidase pelo cultivo do microrganismo Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y1564 em soro de leite suplementado com extrato de levedura. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em biorreator de bancada de 1L e duas condições distintas de aeração durante as fermentações foram avaliadas.Palavras chave: lactase, reator batelada, aeração. INTRODUÇÃOCom a expansão do consumo mundial de leite, queijos e derivados nos últimos anos, a produção de soro, um dos principais subprodutos da indústria de laticínios, aumentou consideravelmente. Em função de seu elevado poder poluente e da dificuldade de sua eliminação, pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas, buscando alternativas para o aproveitamento dos componentes do soro, principalmente, a lactose (Carminatti, 2001).A hidrólise da lactose em monoses (glicose e galactose) tem se mostrado um dos