SynopsisThis study validates the GHQ-28 on a sample of paralysed, spinally injured outpatients under the care of the West Midlands Spinal Injuries Unit. The validity of the GHQ-28 was 0·83 (95% confidence interval: 0·70 to 0·93) using the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) as the validating criterion. The effectiveness of the GHQ-28 as a screening instrument using CIS 11/12 as case criterion, and thus a prevalence rate of 0·18, was judged by relative operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The area under the ROC curve was 0·91±0·03. “Optimum’ discrimination occurred near GHQ 3/4 (0011 scoring scheme) giving a sensitivity of 0·81, a specificity of 0·82 and a misclassification rate of 18%.

The etch rates of various etches and the resulting morphology of the Ge (111) surface have been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques and the oxidation rate of the germanium after etching was monitored by ellipsometry. The effect of the etch on the stability of Pd Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) was monitored over a period of time using current voltage measurements. It was found that those etches with high etch rates produced much rougher surfaces which in turn showed significant variation in the leakage currents of SBDs deposited on these surfaces. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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