We predict the formation of electrically and optically controlled photorefractive surface waves in liquid crystal, with orientational photorefractive effects. In contrast to the case for photorefractive surface waves in inorganic crystals, the penetration depth of photorefractive surface waves in liquid crystal can be controlled by means of the applied external electric field, while the position of the photorefractive surface waves in the liquid crystal can be controlled by means of the applied external electric field and the polarization of incident light beams.

Due to the deformation caused by residual stress in the welding process, welded components need treatment to reduce welding distortion. In this paper, several different times of flame-heating and water-cooling treatment were subjected to the friction stir welding joints of 15mm thick 7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy sheets to study the microstructure variation of friction stir welding joints of 7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy, and to analyze the effect on micro-hardness, tensile and fracture mechanical properties. This investigation will be helpful to optimize treatment methods and provide instruction on industrial production.