For the development of new 5G systems to operate in bands up to 100 GHz, there is a need for accurate radio propagation models at these bands that currently are not addressed by existing channel models developed for bands below 6 GHz. This document presents a preliminary overview of 5G channel models for bands up to 100 GHz. These have been derived based on extensive measurement and ray tracing results across a multitude of frequencies from 6 GHz to 100 GHz, and this document describes an initial 3D channel model which includes: 1) typical deployment scenarios for urban microcells (UMi) and urban macrocells (UMa), and 2) a baseline model for incorporating path loss, shadow fading, line of sight probability, penetration and blockage models for the typical scenarios. Various processing methodologies such as clustering and antenna decoupling algorithms are also presented.

Mesoporous noble metals are an emerging class of cutting-edge nanostructured catalysts due to their abundant exposed active sites and highly accessible surfaces. Although various noble metal (e.g. Pt, Pd and Au) structures have been synthesized by hard- and soft-templating methods, mesoporous rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles have never been generated via chemical reduction, in part due to the relatively high surface energy of rhodium (Rh) metal. Here we describe a simple, scalable route to generate mesoporous Rh by chemical reduction on polymeric micelle templates [poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PMMA)]. The mesoporous Rh nanoparticles exhibited a ∼2.6 times enhancement for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol compared to commercially available Rh catalyst. Surprisingly, the high surface area mesoporous structure of the Rh catalyst was thermally stable up to 400 °C. The combination of high surface area and thermal stability also enables superior catalytic activity for the remediation of nitric oxide (NO) in lean-burn exhaust containing high concentrations of O2.

(T.I., . Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba-city, borl-1 (high bomn requiring), an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that requires a high level of B, was isolated. When the B concentration in the medium was reduced to 3 p~, the expansion of rosette leaves was severely affected in borl-l but not in wild-type plants. In a medium containing 30 p~ B the mutant grew normally but showed female sterility, whereas the wild type was able to set seeds.These defects of the borl-7 mutant were not detected with supplementation of 100 p M B. In vivo concentrations of B in borl-l mutants were lower than those of the wild type, especially in the inflorescence stems. Tracer experiments using "B suggested that the mutant has defects in uptake and/or translocation of B. The mutation was mapped on the lower arm of chromosome 2.Although B was established as an essential element in higher plants more than 70 years ago (for review, see Loomis and Durst, 1992), its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. B-deficient plants exhibit various visible symptoms and disorders. Effects of B deficiency in maize seedlings first appear as cessation of root growth followed by the collapse of meristematic regions, suggesting that B plays a key role in cell division (Kouchi and Kumazawa, 1976). A number of studies have been conducted on the physiological effects of B deficiency. These studies established that B deficiency causes various changes in properties such as membrane integrity and permeability, auxin metabolism, sugar transport, lignification in the cell wall, carbohydrate metabolism and transport, respiration (for review, see Loomis and Durst, 1992), and reduced fertility (Marschner, 1995). However, the primary defects caused by B deficiency in plants are still unclear.B is predominantly localized in the cell walls in tobacco and squash (Matoh et al., 1992;Hu and Brown, 1994).Recent findings showing that B in cell walls is bound to rhamnogalacturonan I1 (Ishii and Matsunaga, 1996;Kobayashi et al., 1996; ONeill et al., 1996) and that this complex is present in a wide range of plant species (Matoh et al., This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan (no. 08760055 to T.F. and no. 06278102 to S.N.).* Corresponding author; e-mail atorufuah0ngo.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax 81-3-5689-7226. S.N.); and National lnstitute of Agro-Environmental lbaraki 305, Japan (T.M., H.O.) 1996) suggest that it exerts its effects, at least partially, in cell walls. However, for B to be transported from roots into aerial portions of the plant through the xylem, it must cross the plasma membrane at or near the casparian strips. Studies at the cellular level established that the uptake of B occurs mainly by passive diffusion, although other mechanisms may also be involved (Raven, 1980;Brown and Hu, 1994). Translocation of B is also known to occur through transpiration streams, although severa1 observations suggest that B can also be mobilized through phloem (Brown and Hu, 1996). The detailed mechanism...

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