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Children swallow coins more than any other object. Many methods for removal of impacted coins at the upper end of the oesophagus are enumerated in literature, each having it's own merits and demerits. This retrospective study in 100 consecutive paediatric patients presents a magill forcep technique for removal of coins under inhalational anaesthesia using Mc-Intosch laryngoscope. Intubation and rigid endoscopy both were avoided, thereby minimizing hospital stay and cost of treatment. This also decreases the chances of complications. Moreover the technique was found to be at par with rigid endoscopy in term of efficacy and safety. However interestingly statistical analyses of the data by 'Chi SquareTest' (ξ(2)) revealed the technique to be more applicable in younger age group i.e. 0-6 years.

Objective To study oxidative stress in placental tissue as well as in serum in pre-eclamptic women. Methods Fifty pre-eclamptic cases and fifty normal pregnant women were selected in the study. Thio barbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) was measured as oxidative stress marker and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH (reduced glutathione) were measured for assessment of antioxidant status in placental tissue extract and serum. Results TBARS and SOD activity were increased significantly (P \ 0.001) in both placental homogenate and serum in pre-eclamptic women. Level of GSH was not altered much. Conclusion Placental oxidative stress can be assessed by measuring serum oxidative stress markers and this may help in prevention of further progress of this condition.

Background Chronic constrictive pericarditis is the most common diastolic disorder of the heart. Non-elasticity of the pericardium with impaired cardiac diastolic function is constriction. Chronic constrictive pericarditis is the result of scarring and fibrosis in mid and late diastole. The clinical presentation is similar to that of right heart failure. Historically, the etiology is helpful but not diagnostic. Echocardiography and a hemodynamic study are the main diagnostic tools. A thick pericardium of more than 4 mm is not necessarily constrictive, but thickness ≥7 mm is highly specific for constrictive features. Pericardiectomy is usually associated with early normalization of hemodynamics, which can be achieved via a mid-sternotomy or left anterolateral thoracotomy. Methods Data of 109 patients who underwent pericardiectomy from January 1987 to June 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Results The outcome of our 109 cases consisted of mortality in 2 patients only. Conclusion Progressive, fibrotic, thickened, adherent inflammatory changes in response to various pathologies of the pericardium impairing diastolic filling can be treated by pericardiectomy. Pericardiectomy can be achieved by a mid-sternotomy or anterolateral thoracotomy without any difference in outcome. The initial hemodynamic and clinical result may not always be dramatic but continued improvement is definite because of progressive enlargement of left ventricular dimensions.