In article it is specified that the first in potentials of fertility soil of Ukraine and first of all chernozems, in recent years owing to a deviation of technologies from it is general the accepted developed zone recommendations and violation of fundamental laws of agriculture, key indicators of fertility significantly lose. Their structure worsens, the maintenance of a humus, organic matter, macro-and minerals decreases. Specified adversely affects productivity of crops that it is especially shown as in a zone of the southern steppe, and in general in Ukraine including due to changes of climatic conditions. Level of productivity of agricultural plants first of all limits security with their moisture which without the optimum content of organic matter by the soil does not keep, is quickly lost on unproductively evaporations, but not on formation of productivity. That most influences growth and development of plants, occupies the second place among factors food. The best conditions of providing plants with nutrients are created on body of a mineral system of fertilizer. It is expedient to bring them compatibly in evidence-based norms. Under such circumstances use of fertilizers most fully remains the existing parameters of fertility of the soil and even improves and especially for proved watch of crops in a crop rotation. At the same time in the last decades volumes of introduction of organic chemistry are significantly reduced that negatively affects a condition of fertility of soils. At the same time there is an urgent need for the most expedient use of mineral fertilizers, selection of their types, forms and ratios for increase in productivity and key indicators of quality of crops. Mineral fertilizers it is necessary to gather additionally taking into account growth of dryness of a zone irrespective of moistening level, they were absorbed by the soil, were evenly distributed in it and were effectively used by plants. At the same time fertilizers are introduced have to affect well key indicators of fertility of soils and to maintain in them positive balance not only basic elements of food, and a humus. In article it is reasonable that liquid mineral fertilizers both simple, and difficult, have certain advantages in efficiency in comparison with types, more widespread in application, firm (loose and granulated) fertilizers.

The results of research conducted in 2016‒2018 on the southern chernozem andthe effect of two varieties of spring barley extra-root feed on the formation of grain productivityare given. Based on the results obtained, indicators of agroeconomic efficiency and their changewere determined under the influence of this event (as one of the most important elements of technology)in growing the crop, including in terms of varieties. Despite the increase in productioncosts, the treatment of plant seeding with biologics contributed to a certain increase in notional netprofit, which increased with the number of feeds, reaching the highest values if used to optimizethe nutrition of Fresh florid (300 g/ha). One feeding of Stalker variety is determined at the levelof 5927, two feeding ‒ 6890, three ‒ 7320 UAH, and 3857 UAH/ha ‒ in control. The mentionedindicators were 5968, 6808, 7771 and 3980 UAH/ha, respectively, when the spring barley varietyVakula was grown. One of the most important indicators of economic efficiency decreased‒ the cost of growing a unit of production with an increase in the number of extracurricular feeding.The lowest indicator was the cost price of production of top – dressing with Fresh florid(300 g/ha ‒ according to the Stalker variety): with one extracorporeal sowing ‒ 2269.4; two treatments‒ 2173.5, and three ‒ 2166.7 UAH/t; in control, this indicator was 2638.5 UAH/t. Thesevalues were, respectively, 2262.3; 2185,8; 2105.4 and 2608.0 UAH/t when the barley spring varietyVakula was growing. The use of other biological preparations led to a certain increase in thecost of growing spring barley. The highest values were recorded when using Organic D-2 M withonly one feeding in the plant phase. In this version of the experiment the cost of growing a unitof production even slightly exceeded control, when Vakula variety was grown. The cultivation ofspring barley on the basis of resource saving using modern re-regulating substances and biologicalpreparations is advisable, because it increases not only the level of grain yield, but also themain indicators of agro-economic efficiency - net profit and profitability, and unit cost, on thecontrary, decreases. It was established that by optimizing the nutrition of spring barley on thebasis of resource saving by treating crops in the main growing seasons with biological products,along with increasing grain yield and changes in its quality, other indicators of agro-economicefficiency of crop production increase. The level of profitability in control (treatment of plantswith water) for the cultivation of barley of the spring variety Stalker was 59.2%, then in themost optimal food options it reached 93.8%, and for the Vakula variety they were determined61.0 and 99.5% respectively. The obtained agroeconomic indicators in the cultivation of springbarley made it possible to substantiate the following claims: the use of biologics to treat thesowing of spring barley plants during the main periods of vegetation increases the yield and costof grown grain. It was determined that the level of profitability of growing spring barley witha large number of feeds grew. The indicator reached its maximum value with three times theplanting of barley plants of the spring variety Vakula with Fresh florid, that is, 300 g/ha (99.5%).Two plant crops with this drug provided profitability at the level of 99.1%, and one ‒ 85.6, (incontrol ‒ 61.0%). The highest profitability of cultivation was ensured by the use of Fresh florid(300 g/ha) for optimizing nutrition three times for vegetation ‒in the phases of tillering, shootingand heading. The lowest level of profitability was ensured by the use of the preparation OrganicD-2 M for feeding barley of the spring variety Vakula: one treatment of plants ‒ at the level of60.6%, two ‒ 72.5, three treatments ‒ 78.2%. According to the results of research conductedwith two varieties of spring barley, the best biological product and terms of fertilization weredetermined in order to increase grain yield and improve its quality and agro-economic efficiencybased on the calculation of cost economic indicators. The expediency of nutrition optimizationby using modern biological products for spring barley cultivation has been confirmed.

Theresearch results are presented conducted during 2016-2018 on southern chernozem with two varieties of spring barley to study the impact of nutrition optimization on grain yield and elements of its structure. It is determined that the treatment of crops with growth regulating drugs in the main growing seasons provides a significant increase in grain productivity of barley, which is the highest when formed by three foliar nutrition with modern growth regulating drugs in the tillering phase and plant emergence in the tube at the beginning of earing. The grain yield of spring barley of the Stalker variety increased on average over three years, depending on the growth regulator taken for processing, in the range of 3.25 – 3.60 t / ha at its level in control, respectively, for treatment of plants with water 2.50 t / ha, and the variety Vakula – to 3.41 – 3.71 compared with 2.47 t / ha in the control. It was found that the increase in grain yield by the studied varieties of spring barley was due to the increase in ear length, and most significantly – due to more grains in the ear, the weight of grain from the ear and the weight of 1000 grains. These indicators increased and changed under the influence of power optimization. Key words: spring barley, varieties, elements of crop structure, grain yield, foliar fertilization, growth regulators.

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У статті аналізується сучасний стан та тенденції культивування на Півдні України такої цінної харчової, кормової та технічної культури, як ярий ячмінь. Аналіз статистичних даних щодо вирощування цієї культури показує, що його площа в Україні протягом останніх 15 років зменшилася на 56%. Тобто, інтерес товаровиробників до вирощування ячменю останнім часом послаблюється, тоді як найбільші площі культури залишаються переважно у невеликих. Стаття висвітлює шляхи впливу на реалізацію біологічного потенціалу культури шляхом впровадження у виробництво сучасних та конкурентоспроможних технологій вирощування. Такі технології повинні грунтуватися на виборі високопродуктивних сортів, пристосованих до умов півдня України та оптимізації живлення за допомогою сучасних регуляторів росту, біологічних та органо-мінеральних добрив. У статті описані варіанти використання фосфорно-калійних та азотних добрив при вирощуванні ячменю в рамках традиційних технологій вирощування. Значна увага приділяється ефективності впровадження енерго-та ресурсозберігаючих технологій у галузі агропромислового комплексу. Зазначено, що використання регуляторів росту рослин є одним із сучасних заходів для підвищення врожайності зерна ячменю. Головним обгрунтуванням статті є результати польового експерименту, який було проведено у 2016-2017 роках для зростання врожаю зерна ячменю з використанням регуляторів росту, органо-мінеральних добрив та біопрепаратів шляхом листкового живлення. На підставі аналізу в статті висвітлено стан вирощування ячменю та можливі способи збільшення врожайності зерна. На підставі аналізованих статистичних даних про показники посівних площ культури та врожайності зерна ячменю в Україні, аналізу літературних джерел про результати використання регуляторів росту, органо-мінеральних добрив та біопрепаратів, було зроблено висновок про те, що доцільно їх використовувати при вирощуванні досліджуваної культури та підтверджено актуальність подальших досліджень щодо цього напряму.