This study shows a review of engineering and design challenges in the transition of annular shaft lime kiln to solid biomass fuels from fluid fossil fuels. Since carbon permits and Paris Agreement were introduced by European Union, lime production companies were forced to transition to renewable and sustainable production methods to minimize carbon footprint and total emissions of greenhouse gasses. Because of the direct-fired system, annular shaft kilns are limited with renewable fuel options, mainly because residue or emissions from combustion could lower the quality of the product or result in the formation of byproduct. Biomass is one of, if not the only, possible renewable and sustainable fuel source which could provide good product quality in a direct-fired kiln.