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Timing jitter generally causes a bias (systematic error) in the amplitude estimates of sampled waveforms. Equations are developed for computing the bias in both the time and frequency domains. Two principal estimators are considered: the sample mean and the socalled Markov estimator used in some equivalent-time sampling systems. Examples are given using both real and simulated data.

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An approach is presented for optimizing the testing of analog and mixed-signal devices. process is performed with algebraic operations on an appropriate model. The paper demonstrates how this is accomplished using simple calls with publicdomain software. Examples of test results achieved using this approach are included.