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A field-reversed configuration ͑FRC͒ is formed by applying a rotating magnetic field ͑RMF͒ much larger than the axial magnetic field to a cylindrical glass vacuum chamber filled with 10 Pa argon gas without a preionization. The FRC with the plasma density 2.2ϫ 10 19 m −3 , the temperature 8.0 eV, the separatrix length 0.45 m, and the separatrix radius 0.035 m is sustained for the notably long period of 40 ms. It is observed that the antenna current which produces the RMF is reduced by about half after the FRC is formed. The interaction between the plasma and the antenna circuit increases the antenna resistance and changes the inductance of the antenna so that the circuit becomes nonresonant. The RMF is sufficiently large to fully penetrate to the center during the period and drive the current with a rigid rotor profile. The RMF is shown to play a major role in sustaining the plasma pressure. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2997341͔A rotating magnetic field ͑RMF͒ has been used for the purpose of the slow formation and the sustainment of a fieldreversed configuration ͑FRC͒. When the RMF frequency satisfies the conditions ci ഛ Ӷ ce and ei Ӷ ce ͑Ref. 1͒, where ci and ce are the cyclotron frequency of ions and electrons for RMF and ei the electron-ion collision frequency, the RMF drives plasma current and forms FRCs with temperature about 10-100 eV, and density about 10 where R the separatrix radius and ␦ = ͑2 / 0 ͒ 1/2 is the classical skin depth. The magnitude of the RMF required to penetrate into the plasma does not depend on the axial field.The effect of the RMF on the pressure balance equations was assumed negligible in the early theoretical investigations 10,11 and this assumption was verified by detailed measurements of the magnetic field, plasma density, and temperature.12 In a more recent work, Steinhauer 13showed that there is a correction RMF term in the pressure balance equations. We report here the first experimental evidence for the effect of the RMF on the radial pressure balance in an FRC sustained by an RMF. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental device. The cylindrical vacuum chamber is made of Pyrex glass and has an internal radius of 35 mm. The length of the discharge chamber is 600 mm. The vacuum is achieved to be less than 10 −4 Pa in 10 min by a rotary pump and a turbomolecular pump in a series. Argon gas is fed from the opposite side to the vacuum pumping system. The axial field is produced by six coils and the strength is fairly uniform along the central axis and 60 G at the maximum. Two RMF power supplies, of which sinusoidal output is 90°out of phase, deliver the current 300 A with the frequency 200 kHz and output power 26 kW for 40 ms. The current decreases to 200 A at t = 40 ms due to the limited capacity of the condenser. The two turn antennas are placed directly on the outer wall of the chamber in order to produce the largest RMF inside the chamber. The amplitude of the RMF in the vacuum is initially 120 G at the center and reduces to 80 G at t = 40...

Field emission from single crystals of LiIn, which behave as either narrow-gap semiconductors or semimetals, have been studied using a field emission microscope. A linear Fowler-Nordheim relationship was found. The specimen surfaces were believed to be contaminated.

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The Y-Ba-Cu-0 systems have been reported to be a high temprature superconductor with above 90K. Optical Study would give us useful informations as a characterization for Y-Ba-Cu-0 systems with an analysis of energy dispersive X-ray system EDS. Optical constants of superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-0 systems are n*=1.6 92-j0.403 for 99.99%(4N) with Y1.00 Bal.90 Cu2.87 and n*=1.604-j 0.441 for 99.99%+ (4N+) with Y1.00 Ba2.18 Cu3.12.