Aim To evaluate carotid wall shear rate (WSR) in association with local and regional vascular stiffness in patients with hypertension (HTN) and atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries and to study the pattern of change of WSR in patients with HTN with increasing severity of peripheral artery atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods Study involved 133 patients with HTN, 65 men and 48 women, aged in average 57.9±10.8 years. All patients were divided into four groups in accordance with ultrasound morphologic classification of vessel wall. Duplex scanning of carotid and lower limb arteries was performed. Carotid-femoral (cfPWV) and carotid-radial (crPWV) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured. Local carotid stiffness was evaluated by carotid ultrasound. Results WSR of patients with plaques without and with hemodynamic disturbance was 416±128 s−1 and 405±117 s−1, respectively, which was significantly less than the WSR in patients with intact peripheral arteries – 546±112 s−1. Decreased carotid WSR was associated with increased crPVW, cfPWV, Peterson's elastic modulus, decreased distensibility, and distensibility coefficient. Conclusion In patients with HTN and atherosclerotic lesions of peripheral arteries, it is registered that the carotid WSR decreased with increasing severity of atherosclerosis. Decreased carotid WSR is associated with increased local carotid stiffness, regional vascular stiffness of muscular, and elastic vessels.

Aim. To study the features of atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify factors associated with multifocal atherosclerosis. Materials and methods. The study included 140 patients (77 men and 63 women) with CAD (mean age 62.0 (56.0-66.0) years). The first group included 70 people with CAD and T2DM, and the second group included 70 patients with CAD without T2DM. All patients underwent duplex scanning of the carotid and lower limb arteries (LLA). Local vascular stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) was assessed by ultrasound scanning. The Peterson elasticity modulus, distensibility and strain of the CCA were determined. The ankle - brachial index (ABI) was measured by the Doppler method. Results and discussion. In the group of patients with T2D, there were statistically more patients with atherosclerotic plaques in both carotid arteries and LLA. Also among patients with T2DM the severity of stenosis of carotid arteries and LLA at all levels was significantly greater. Local carotid stiffness was higher in the first group of patients. The proportion of individuals with reduced ABI

Introduction Uveal melanoma (UM) is a malignant neoplasm of the vascular tract of the eye, prone to hematogenous metastasis, regardless of the type of treatment performed. Prediction and probability of UM metastasis is one of the main tasks of onco-ophthalmology. We decribed an alternative method of tumor blood supply due to the process of vasculo-like mimicry (VM) with the formation of pseudovascular structures of tumor cells is described. At the same time, the participation of the microenvironment in the processes of VM and metastasis is currently debatable and relevant.Purpose of the work was to evaluate the prognostic role of macrophage vasculiform mimicry in the progression of chorioid melanoma based on the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of surgical material.Materials and methods The surgical material of choroidal melanoma after enucleation for the period 2013-2018 was studied. Histological, histochemical (PAS reaction) and immunohistochemical studies were carried out using markers CD68 (macrophages), CD 34, CD31, D2-40 for the purpose of qualitative and quantitative assessment of macrophages in the stroma of tumors, large vessels and pseudovessels in the tumor.Results The ability of macrophages to form vasculo-like spaces in choroidal melanoma has been discovered and described. In growth with macrometastases, more phage representatives are recorded than in tissue samples of non-metastasizing melanoma. the volume of the macroscopic mass of the ulcer and the growth rate of phages were registered as the inverse average in terms of the strength of the correlation. In group studies with metastases, an increase in the volume of pseudovascular volumes and the number of phages is recorded.Discussion The macrophage microenvironment in a tumor can play a dual role: antitumor and protumor. The ability of macrophages for VM in UM has been described. The results of our macrostudy confirm the protumor activity of phages and their important role in tumor metastasis.Conclusion In-depth study of the ways of pseudovascular space formation not only by the cells of the tumor itself, but also by its microenvironment, helps to open new directions in the study of predictors of UM metastasis and outline approaches to the development of new directions of anti-tumortherapy.