For the first time, the genetic diversity of farm populations of domesticated Nenets reindeer bred in Taimyr has been studied to form their DNA bank. A comparative analysis of the genetic characteristics of the Nenets reindeer populations bred in other regions (Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Murmansk Region, and the Komi Republic) has been performed using DNA markers. The genetic diversity markers - microsatellites have been used as DNA markers in the study. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that this group of domesticated reindeer has a low level of genetic polymorphism and diversity. A comparative analysis of this population with the regional ones from the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Murmansk Region, and the Komi Republic has revealed genetic ties with reindeer bred in the Komi Republic and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. A low level of both allelic and genetic diversity may further negatively affect the animals’ adaptation to environmental conditions.

Ecological monitoring of the environment constitutes the basis for the study of natural objects and an integrated approach to the organization of both production and human activity at large. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the factors that influence human activity on the nature of the Arctic. The leading research methods for this problem are the method of analysing several factors of human activity on the dynamics of changes in nature, including the method of qualitative assessment, during which the general nature of the impact was identified. As a result, continuous observations were made of the state of the atmosphere. The data on the concentration of fine dust obtained from the Norilsk stationary post allow to identify the level of pollution. The assessment of impact factors was carried out, which allowed to determine the extent of impact on nature. The authors also conducted field work and tested 50 biological samples of wild reindeer in West Taimyr using the molecular genetic marker system. The novelty of the study is that organizational and methodological recommendations were developed for conducting production activities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the necessity of implementing the necessary scientific and administrative apparatus for the preparation and implementation of practical measures, since many theoretical aspects for further proposal of measures have not been sufficiently developed.