Traditionally, the basic etiological concepts are considered in the views on the morphophysiological basis of hyperkinesis. Hyperkinesia is associated with hypotonia, a decrease in muscle tone, and hyperkinetic disorders are psychogenic and manifest in childhood. Hyperkinesia can be caused by a large number of various diseases, including metabolic disorders, endocrine disruption, hereditary disorders, vascular disorders or traumatic disorders. Other causes include intoxication of the nervous system, autoimmune diseases and infections. The classification of hyperkinesis is that hyperkinetic motions can be defined as any undesirable, excessive movements that can be distinguished from each other, based on the degree to which they are rhythmic, discrete, repetitive and random. When assessing a patient with suspected hyperkinesia, the doctor thoroughly records in the history of the disease a clear description of the movements, the medications prescribed in the past and present, the family history of the similar diseases, the history of the disease, including past infections, and any other influences. Treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms, restoring normal posture and improving the general condition of the patient.

The modern understanding about aetiopathogenesis of syringomyelia, its classification are enlighted in this article. The characteristics of clinical progression depending on the forms of the diseases, differential diagnosis are described. The authors pay their attention to the current approaches to a therapy of syringomyelia, described prognosis for the disease, touch upon the points of working capacity examination.

The problem of comorbidity in cardioneurology is one of the urgent problems of modern health care system. When comorbidity main cause of death in the vast majority of patients is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology. The most severe form of disease is stroke. Heart failure - a new epidemic of cardiovascular disease, which manifests itself as one of the major risk factors for stroke.

The questions of relevance, the prevalence of migraine are recommendations for the treatment of migraine, founded on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The effectiveness of the recommended therapies, including the use of triptans, confirmed by large placebo-controlled trials. Due to the fact that the number of patients with migraine growing diagnosis of migraine attacks, treatment selection, in accordance with international recommendations will help facilitate this type of headache.

Asthenic syndrome can be regarded as pathologically modified version of the adaptation of the nervous system in response to physical and mental strain, exogenous or endogenous intoxication, vascular disorders. Of particular importance in recent years given asthenic syndrome and limits of neuroses, the need for complex drug therapy in the treatment of asthenic-neurotic states. In view of the fact that the leading element of the pathogenesis of asthenic syndrome are disorders of the central nervous system, the main tool of pharmacological correction in this situation should be considered a comprehensive approach neurotropic action.