Sacral agenesis is a rare congenital abnormality of the lower vertebral column which is fequently associated with neurological, orthopedic as well as urological malformations. With regard to the incidence of the anomaly, although approximately 200 cases have been reported previously, the occurrence of sacral agenesis in siblings has only rarely been found. To date only two pairs of siblings have been reported. Herein we present 2 siblings with partial sacral agenesis and emphasize the need for a careful family investigation, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Kidneys with severe UPJ obstruction tended to have more elevated RI and PI values than the non-obstructed or equivocally obstructed ones. Again, determination of RIR values for each kidney showed the same elevation in severely obstructed kidneys, while non-obstructive or indeterminately obstructed ones demonstrated statistically insignificant changes.

We have applied Zeiss basket in order to remove lower ureteral stones by endoscopically in 27 patients whp are not be able treated with medical treatments. in 22 of the patients, the loop cathaters were inserted the upper pole of the stones and we were able to remove stones in 20 patients (% 74). The medium range of the extraction 3.6 days. We have observed pyelonephritis in one patient and moderate haematuria in two patients. The instrurnantation of Zeiss basket is easy to perform, effective and has minimal complications. We must be more careful for the indications.

We report 4 patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (diagnosed and treated between 1992 and 1996), aged 16 to 55 years (mean age 37 years). All had urolithiasis, pyonephrosis and nonfunctioning kidneys prior to surgical intervention, and underwent total nephrectomy. Clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings are discussed in the light of the cases reported in the literature.

This study was held in Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Department of Urology in the period of December 1992 through December 1996. Two group of patients have been included to the study; 30 prostate carcinoma and 30 benign prostate hyperplasia. Serum PSA levels werefound 10 times higher in prostate carcinoma group than BPH group. There was no statistically significant dijference between age and digital rectal examination finding with serum PSA levels of patients in both groups. Serum PSA levels and transrectal ultrasonography findings were comparedfor both group. No significant diference found between serum PSA levels and transrectal ultrasonography findings in BPH group. However, there has been statistically significant dijferences in prostate carcinoma group. When serum PSA levels and clinical stage with Gleason grade compared in prostate carcinoma group, statistically signifıcant difference was found. Although reserches are still continue to try to find the ideal test for diagnosing prostate cancer, serum PSA level is the most important parameter in early diagnosis. in this study we conclude that annual checking of serum PSA levels must be made for males over the age 50 and if it's more than 4 ng/ml, transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy must be peıformed.