The problem of soil preservation and restoration has became more intense due to continued deterioration of the ecological systems of the world. This problem is especially important for Azerbaijan, where environmental pollution by heavy metals and oil products is increasing. Though the nature of toxicity of these two factors is different, they both affect plant productivity, including agricultural crops and human health. This review is devoted to the analysis of modern conceptions on fundamental physiological mechanisms of plant resistance to toxic levels of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils, also of their uptake and translocation in plants. Different aspects of the nature of toxicity of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons and genetic basis of plant resistance to them, hyperaccumulation mechanisms of heavy metals by some plant species and approaches to phytoremediation of both inorganic and organic pollutants are discussed.

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