SILC is associated with better outcomes in terms of cosmesis, body image and postoperative pain. The risk of incisional hernia is four times higher after SILC than after MLC.

The spine as primary source of infection for secondary psoas abscess should always be included in differential diagnosis. Because the prognosis of psoas abscess can be improved by early diagnosis and prompt onset of therapy, it needs to be considered in patients with infection and back or hip pain or history of spinal surgery.

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The cases clearly demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of thoracoscopic spinal surgery in the management of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Debridement, decompression of the spinal canal, interbody fusion, and anterior spinal fixation can be performed via endoscopic approach.