Contrast-enhancing foci are normal in healthy premenopausal breasts, even when formal malignancy criteria of enhancement velocity are met. This has to be kept in mind to avoid false-positive results, especially in younger patients.

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare benign tumor entity. Because inflammatory pseudotumors mimic malignant tumors both clinically and radiologically, the radiologist should be familiar with this entity. Inflammatory pseudotumor most commonly involves the lung and the orbit, but it has been reported to occur in nearly every site in the body. For making a definite diagnosis a biopsy is often essential. The treatment options are varied and consist of surgery, high-dose steroids, irradiation, and chemotherapeutics.

The two-dimensional topological BF model is quantized in the axial gauge. We show that this theory is trivially ultraviolet finite and that the usual infrared problem of the propagator of the scalar field in two dimensions is replaced by an easily solvable long distances problem inherent to the axial gauge. It will also be shown that contrarily to the 3-dimensional case, the action principle cannot be completely replaced by the various Ward identities expressing the symmetries of the model; some of the equation of motion are needed.

Using UTSE of the lung, MRT can produce images of good quality. Compared with CT, contrast is better with MRT, offering diagnostic advantages for MRT.

Nitrogen, as KNO3 or NH4NO3, can inhibit the photoinduction of protoperithecia in Neurospora crassa when present in the medium at a high concentration but does not inhibit the photoinduction of carotenoids. The point at which the presence of high nitrogen levels is no longer inhibitory is 5 h after illumination.