Among perennial fodder plants сocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L) is the crop recommended for the creation of earlymaturing herbage in the production of hay and haylage. The article presents the data of a comprehensive assessment in the field of 7 breeding samples of сocksfoot of the second year of use (2020) to identify the most promising ones matched to the soil and climatic conditions of the North. High winter hardiness (4-5 points) of the breeding samples of сocksfoot was noted in the conditions of the Komi Republic in 2019-2020. No disease or pest affection of the plants was noted during the growing season of 2020. The yield of dry matter for two cuttings at the level of the control variant (9.8 t/ha) was provided by cocksfoot samples СН-188, СН-185 and СН-1816 (10.2, 10.0 and 9.3 t/ha, respectively, LSD05 = 1.1 t/ha). The studied cocksfoot samples did not differ significantly and were at the level of the control according to the quality of the fodder mass. During the earing stage a high content of crude protein (13.63…15.10 %) was noted in breeding samples СН-188, 185, 184, 1816, for the control sample this index was 12.18%. The analysis of the seed productivity structure for the studied cocksfoot samples showed that the following samples had increased the control in the length of inflorescences (14.5±0.9 cm) ‒ CH-185 (16.9±1.1 cm), CH-1817 (17.6±1.0 cm), CH-188 (18.7±1.1 cm). According to the weight of 1000 seeds, the breeding samples were slightly inferior to the control (1.26 g, LSD05 = 0.06 g). According to seed productivity, no significant advantages were detected in all studied samples (+2.0...15.8 g/m2) compared with the control (66.4 g/m2, LSD05 = 16.4 g/m2). As the result of the comprehensive assessment the most promising breeding samples of cocksfoot have been noted. They are CH-188, CH-185 (Komi population) and CH-1816 (Finnish population).
Приведены основные результаты оценки адаптированных к условиям Севера сортов картофеля, сочетающих высокую урожайность и качество клубней, а также устойчивость к болезням. В питомниках конкурсного испытаний (2016 2018 годы) было изучено два сорта Зырянец и Вычегодский в сравнении со стандартным районированным в Республике Коми сортом Невский (среднеранний) и рекомендованным сортом Удача (раннеспелый). Новые сорта картофеля имеют следующие характеристики: урожайность 29,7 29,9 т/га, содержание крахмала 15,2 18,8, высокая устойчивость к грибным болезням (фитофтороз, альтернариоз) и рекомендуются к возделыванию вI Северном иIX Уральском регионах Российской Федерации.The article presents the main results of the assessment of potato varieties adapted to the conditions of the North, combining high yield and quality of tubers, as well as resistance to diseases. In the nurseries of competition tests (20162018), 2 varieties were studied Zyryanets and Vychegodsky in comparison with the standard Nevsky (medium early) variety zoned in the Komi Republic and the recommended variety Udacha (early ripe). As a result of field studies, new potato varieties have the following characteristics: yield 29.729.9 t/ha, starch content 15.218.8, high resistance to fungal diseases (late blight, alternaria) and recommended cultivation in the I North and IX Ural regions of the Russian Federation.
В структуре кормовых культур в условиях Севера до 85–90% занимают многолетние травы, которые характеризуются высокой энергетической эффективностью и низкими энергозатратами на технологию их возделывания. Среди адаптивных видов трав особого внимания заслуживает ежа сборная, которая является раннеспелым злаком, отличается хорошей урожайностью и обладает отличными кормовыми качествами. Однако для расширения посевов этой ценной кормовой культуры необходимы сорта, приспособленные к почвенно-климатическим условиям Севера. С этой целью с 2015 по 2017 год мы изучали сорта и дикорастущие популяции ежи сборной из мировой коллекции ВИР для дальнейшего использования в создании новых высокопродуктивных сортов. Полевой опыт заложен в 2015 году на экспериментальном участке НИИСХ Республики Коми (г. Сыктывкар). Коллекционный питомник включал 19 образцов ежи сборной различного эколого-географического происхождения. В качестве стандарта был взят сорт Нева. Сортообразцы оценивались по зимостойкости, продуктивности зелёной массы, сена и семян, качеству зелёной массы. Метеорологические условия в годы исследований позволили оценить зимостойкость образцов ежи сборной. В результате оценки по ряду хозяйственно ценных признаков выделились дикорастущие образцы из Республики Коми (42733, 42734, 42736, 45945), Норвегии (41826), сорта Нарымская 3 (46893) из Томской области и Нака (47268) из Финляндии. Данные сорта отличались высокой зимостойкостью, дружным отрастанием, урожайностью зелёной массы 16,4–19,8 т/га, семян — 370–520 кг/га, превысив стандарт на 15,0–38,8 и 11,0–56,0% соответственно. In the structure of fodder crops in the North up to 85–90% are perennial grasses, which are characterized by high energy efficiency and low energy inputs for their cultivation. Among the adaptive species of grasses, the cock’s-foot deserves special attention; it is early-ripening, has good yield and excellent forage qualities. However, to expand the sowing of this valuable forage crop, varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the North are needed. To this end, in 2015–2017 we researched on the varieties and wild populations of cock’s-foot of VIR world collection for later use in the creation of new high-yielding varieties. The field trial was founded at the experimental field of the Komi Republic Research Institute of Agriculture (Syktyvkar) in 2015. Collection nursery included 19 varieties of cock’s-foot from different ecological and geographical origin. The ‘Neva’ variety was taken as a standard. The varieties were evaluated by winter hardiness, productivity indexes of green mass, hay, and seed, and green mass quality. Meteorological conditions in years of research allowed estimating the winter hardiness of the cock’s-foot. Evaluating a number of economically valuable traits, we selected several samples: wild populations from the Republic of Komi (42733, 42734, 42736, and 45945), Norway (41826), and the varieties ‘Narymskaya 3’ (46893) from the Tomsk region and ‘Naka’ (47268) from Finland. These varieties excelled in high winter hardiness, uniform aftergrowing; the yield of green mass was 16.4–19.8 t ha-1, of seeds — 370–520 kg/ha, which exceeded the standard by 15.0–38.8 and 11.0–56.0% respectively.
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