A widely spread and most productive way to obtain finished metal articles with high structural and mechanical properties are methods of cold heading out of rolled metal, which must have a certain quality - the required plasticity, uniform structure and process parameters along the full length, as well as soundness. In conditions of fierce competition in order to improve the quality of the upset metal articles, the enterprises are forced to find reserves at all the points of the process chain for transformation of the original rolled metal. The greatest effect is achieved by the excluding of energy-consuming and labor-intensive annealing in protective gas furnaces and control of surface defects by etching or mechanical operations. This paper is presenting an economical and environment-friendly technology for structural and mechanical maintenance of high quality of rolled stock for upsetting of metal articles. The rolled steel prepared by this technology has a highly dispersed equally spaced structure without a decarburized layer with increased plasticity, which enables to reduce the number of transitions in the process of upsetting of metal articles and to increase the tools service life.

Initial blank for the production of calibrated rolled stock is hot-rolled steel, ductility of which is largely determined by the structure and quality of the rolled stock surface. Hot-rolled steel should have a high degree of surface cleanliness and defect-free cross-section. In this paper, using the example of hot-rolled steel 40X, it is shown that the structural condition and quality of the rolled stock surface largely determine the further quality of calibrated rolled stock for automobile long length bolt products made from it. In this case, the mechanical characteristics, which are the most widely used indicators of the steel quality, are largely determined by plastic and heat treatment, which change the structure at the macro- and microscopic level.

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