Vertical coupling within atmosphere takes place through atmospheric waves as has been demonstrated in a number of studies in the past. Gravity waves are produced in the lower atmosphere and thereafter propagate vertically and horizontally, modulating the dynamics of the intervening regions. Kelley (1997) presented evidence of gravity waves propagating to ionospheric altitudes during a thunderstorm event. Long and short period gravity waves and their propagation characteristics have been discussed comprehensively by Fritts and Alexander (2003). Yamamoto et al. (2005) reported the manifestation of Es layer (at mid-latitudes) with double layered structure which was due to ion accumulation by neutral wind shear. Scintillation activity associated with tropospheric convection-related gravity wave activity was reported using multi-instrument observations in the Indonesian sector (Ogawa et al., 2006). Wust and Bittner (2006) found the evidence for the occurrence of non-linear resonant three wave interaction in wind data obtained by the rocket-borne foil-chaff cloud technique during the Dynamics Adapted Network for the Atmosphere (DYANA) campaign at Biscarrosse (44°N) in 1990. Trinh et al. (2018) globally studied the propagation of gravity wave into thermospheric altitudes using multiple satellite observations. The role of gravity wave winds in producing ionization convergence over magnetic equator has also been investigated by many workers. A one dimensional theory invoking electric fields generated due to gravity wave associated winds, to explain the stratifications observed in the evening and night time equatorial ionosphere was

No abstract