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Following the re-establishment of the σ(600) and the κ(900), the light scalar mesons a 0 (980) and f 0 (980) together with the σ(600) and the κ(900) are considered as the chiral scalar partner of pseudoscalar nonet in SU (3) chiral symmetry, and the high mass scalar mesons a 0 (1450), K * 0 (1430), f 0 (1370) and f 0 (1710) turned out to be considered as the L = 1 qq scalar mesons. We assume that the high mass of the L = 1 qq scalar mesons is caused by the mixing with the light scalar mesons. For the structure of the light scalar mesons, we adopted the qqqq model in order to explain the "scalar meson puzzle". The inter-mixing between the light scalar nonet and the high mass L = 1 qq nonet and the intra-mixing among each nonet are analyzed by including the glueball into the high mass scalar nonet.

We analyse the quark mass hierarchy and CKM matrix using the universal Yukawa coupling model with small violations precisely. We estimate the ranges of the values of 8in our quark mass matrices satisfying quark mass ratios and CKM matrix, where φ 2 , φ 3 are phases. Without these phases, the solution satisfying quark mass ratios and CKM matrix is not obtained. These parameters obtained can explain the CP violation effects.

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We assume that weak bases of flavors (u, c) L,R , (d, s) L,R , (e, µ) L,R , (ν e , ν µ ) L,R are the S 3 doublet and t L,R , b L,R , τ L,R , ν τ L,R are the S 3 singlet and further there are S 3 doublet Higgs (H 1 D , H 2 D ) and S 3 singlet Higgs H S . We suggest an S 3 invariant Yukawa interaction, in which masses caused from the interaction of S 3 singlet flavors and Higgs is very large and masses caused from interactions of S 3 doublet flavors and Higgs are very small, and the vacuum expectation value |H 1 D | 0 is rather small compared to the |H 2 D | 0 . In this model, we can explain the quark sector mass hierarchy, flavor mixing V CKM and measure of CP violation naturally. The leptonic sector mass hierarchy and flavor mixing described by V MNS having one-maximal and one-large mixing character can also be explained naturally with no other symmetry restriction. In our model, an origin of Cabibbo angle is the ratio λ = |H 1 D | 0 / |H 2 D | 0 and an origin of CP violation is the phase of H 1 D .