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In this study, the impedance and the temperature changes of gelatin methacryloyl, a protein based hydrogel used for various studies such as cell culture studies, were measured in real time. Sensors capable of simultaneously measuring the impedance and the temperature were fabricated using semiconductor and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) processes. The occurrence of an endothermic reaction in the crosslinking of methacrylic anhydride, a crosslinking agent, was confirmed by the measurement of the temperature. Also, the measured impedance monotonically decreased during the gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel process.

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