Use of nonprescription drugs is a serious problem that has increased over the past few years. Long-term or chronic use of nonprescription medicine was the most common form of inappropriate use of nonprescription medications and lack of knowledge on the part of patients/customers about the active ingredient in a branded product was the most common factor contributing to its inappropriate use. Pharmacists should receive continuous professional education to increase their knowledge on and improve their practice of prescribing nonprescription medication; further, drug companies should be precise when disclosing information on OTC drug labels as the majority of pharmacists consult the drug label as a source of information about OTC.
Assessment and improvement of turnaround times (TAT) as well as customer satisfaction is essential for laboratory quality management. This study in a specialized hospital in Alexandria, Egypt measured the current TAT for outpatient department bilirubin samples and evaluated the satisfaction of physicians with aspects of clinical laboratory services. While the mean TAT for 110 bilirubin tests [58.1 (SD 31.8) min] was within the College of American Pathologists' benchmark, the 90th percentile was long (96.7 min); 62.7% of tests were reported within 60 min. The mean overall satisfaction score of physicians (range 1-5) was 3.46 (SD 0.49). The highest satisfaction rating was for staff courtesy while the lowest ratings were for laboratory management responsiveness, outpatient stat TAT and critical value notification. Quality or reliability of results was judged by physicians as the most important factor (32.3%), followed by routine test TAT (18.5%). Further analysis of the different steps of the TAT would be helpful and follow-up through examining outliers is recommended. RÉSUMÉ L'évaluation et l'amélioration des délais de traitement et de la satisfaction du client sont essentielles pour la gestion de la qualité en laboratoire. La présente étude réalisée dans un hôpital spécialisé d'Alexandrie (Égypte) a mesuré le délai de traitement courant des échantillons prélevés en consultation externe et destinés à un dosage de la bilirubine. L'étude a aussi évalué la satisfaction des médecins en termes de services fournis par un laboratoire clinique. Si le délai de traitement moyen de 110 dosages de la bilirubine (58,1 minutes [ET 31,8]) se situait dans la fourchette de référence du College of American Pathologists, le 90 e percentile était long (96,7 minutes) ; 62,7 % des analyses étaient transmises dans les 60 minutes. Le score de satisfaction moyen des médecins (extrêmes 1-5) était de 3,46 (ET 0,49). Le pourcentage de satisfaction le plus élevé a été décerné à la courtoisie du personnel alors que les résultats les plus faibles ont été attribués à la réactivité de la direction du laboratoire, au délai de traitement des analyses express dans les services de consultations externes et aux notifications ayant une valeur critique. La qualité ou la fiabilité des résultats a été jugée par les médecins comme étant le facteur le plus important (32,3 %), suivi par le délai de traitement des analyses courantes (18,5 %). Des analyses approfondies des différentes étapes du délai de traitement seraient utiles et un suivi des valeurs extrêmes ou aberrantes est recommandé.
Overall psychological empowerment achieved a higher mean score percentage compared with overall structural empowerment. Changing workplace structures is within the mandate of nurses' managers in their roles as advocates for and facilitators of high-quality care. The most significant opportunity for improvement is in the area of formal power, including flexibility, adaptability, creativity associated with discretionary decision-making, visibility, and centrality to organizational purpose and goals.
Indicators related to injection and injection-related practices that reflect risk to patients include deficiency of alcohol-based hand rub tools, nonadherence to hand hygiene before preparing an injection, and inadequate adherence to using a clean barrier when opening a glass ampule and use of gloves. Indicators that may reflect risk to patients and providers include inadequate injection safety training and incomplete hepatitis B vaccination of healthcare providers. Indicators that may reflect risk to providers include nonadherence to safety precautions related to injection practices, such as inadequate access to heavy gloves by staff handling healthcare waste.
This unmatched case-control study aimed to identify factors affecting default from therapy under the national programme of TB control in Alexandria, Egypt. Record reviews and structured interviews were made with 57defaulters and 187 randomly selected controls. Univariate analysis showed 13 out of 54 factors investigated were significantly associated with defaulting and, after stepwise logistic regression, 5 factors remained in the model: younger age (adjusted OR= 0.16), rural area of residence (OR = 12.9), long waiting times (OR = 5.81), poor physician-patient communication (OR = 3.06) and fear of information leakage (OR = 3.62). Reasons cited by defaulters included long distance to the clinic, unsuitable clinic times and long waiting times. The main factors associated with defaulting from the national programme of TB control in Alexandria, Egypt were service-related factors, which are amenable to improvement. RÉSUMÉ La présente étude cas-témoins non appariés visait à identifier les facteurs influant sur l'abandon du traitement dans le cadre du programme national de lutte antituberculeuse à Alexandrie (Égypte). Les dossiers médicaux de 57 patients ayant abandonné le traitement et de 187 témoins sélectionnés aléatoirement ont été examinés puis des entretiens structurés ont été menés. Une analyse univariée a démontré que 13 facteurs étudiés sur 54 étaient significativement associés à un abandon et, après une analyse de régression logistique par étapes, cinq facteurs ont été dégagés à partir du modèle : un âge plus jeune (OR ajusté = 0,16), un lieu de résidence en milieu rural (OR = 12,9), un long temps d'attente (OR = 5,81), une mauvaise communication entre le médecin et le patient (OR = 3,06) et la crainte de la divulgation d'informations (OR = 3,62). Une longue distance pour atteindre l'établissement de soins, des horaires d'ouverture peu pratiques et de longs temps d'attente comptaient parmi les raisons citées par les patients ayant abandonné le traitement. Les principaux facteurs associés à un abandon du traitement dans le cadre du programme national de lutte antituberculeuse à Alexandrie (Égypte) relevaient du domaine des services se prêtant aux améliorations.
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