Background: Ondansetron is a 5HT3 receptor blocker and has multifaceted action like sodium channel blocker and µ - opioid agonist. Objective: To compare the efficiency of ondansetron pre-treatment in alleviating pain caused by propofol during induction of general anaesthesia with placebo. Material & Method: In this randomized controlled trail 120 patients of ASA grade I & II undergoing elective surgery were included and divided into two equal groups A & B by using lottery method. Each group comprised of 60 patients. In group A two ml 0.9 % normal saline and in group B, 2 ml ondansetron (4mg) given intravenously. In both groups propofol was given in a dose of 2.5 mg / Kg intravenously. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 29.95 ± 4.79 year and in group B was 30.30 ± 4.87 year. Majority of patients 67(55.83 %) were between 18 to 30 year of age. Out of 120 patients. 63 (52.50 %) were ASA I & 52 (47.50 %) were ASA II. Efficacy of group A (placebo) was seen in 11 (18.33 %) while in group B (ondansetron) was seen in 56 (93.33 %). Conclusion: Ondansetron pre-treatment in alleviating pain cause by propofol is very effective. Keywords: Pain, ondansetron, propofol, general anaesthesia.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is known as the main developmental disability among infants and children. The brain injury is associated with pre or postnatal period. A physiotherapy is an effective tool of rehabilitation and restoration of the children with CP. Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of the CP children. The main intention of this study was to examine the perception of parents and health professionals about the role of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation process of CP children Methods: This study design is cross sectional and survey method was adopted and purposive sampling method was used for data collection. A Likert scale questionnaire was adopted for data collection from (n = 158) parents, (n = 14) allied health professionals, and (n = 3) physiotherapists of Bhakkar. It was hypothesized that physiotherapy has a significant role in the rehabilitation of CP children. An independent t-test and one-way ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis. Results and Conclusions: Results showed that physiotherapy plays a significant role in the rehabilitation (P < .00), and postural control (P <. 01) of CP children. The perception of the physiotherapists and allied health professionals were the same regarding the role of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation (P <. 00), function independent and social participation (p < .00), postural control (P < .00) and motor function (P < .02) of the CP children. On the other hand, it was also concluded the regular physiotherapy increases rehabilitation process of CP children. The physiotherapists and allied health professional were satisfied with rehabilitation process. In contrast, the perception of parents was unsatisfactory because they desire the rehabilitate procedure should be shorter. It is suggested that physiotherapists and allied health professionals may educate the parents about the rehabilitation procedure.
Background and Aim: Most primary renal neoplasms are caused by renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). There is a high risk of morbidity and mortality following radical nephrectomy due to acute kidney injury (AKI). It is crucial to detect and prevent this complication as early as possible. The present study aimed to anesthesia comparison after radical nephrectomy for kids: a study with different anesthesia techniques. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 84 children of the age up to 12 years undergoing radical nephrectomy in the department of Anaesthesiology, Chaudhary Muhammad Akram Hospital (CMA) Lahore during three years, from August 2019 to July 2022. Prior to study conduction, ethical approval was taken from research and ethical committee. Patients were allocated to three different groups: Group-D (Dexmedetomidine group), Group-C (Caudal group), and Group-P (Placebo group). Children were evaluated by taking history, physical examination, and laboratory examinations such as liver function, CBC, kidney functions, and coagulation profile. SPSS version 28 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 84 children investigated with different anesthesia techniques. Each group was assigned 28 children undergoing radical nephrectomy. A significant difference did not appear between the three groups in terms of serum creatinine at any of the times of measurement. Group D showed significant lower values for cystatin C and NGAL compared with group C and group P regardless of the measurement period. In all three studied groups, there were no significant differences in age, gender, or weight of the patients (p> 0.05). Comparatively to the other two groups, the Dex Group had significantly higher urine output, more sedation, and lower objective pain scores. Conclusion: Clinical prediction schemes using cystatin C and NGAL biomarkers showed that dexmedetomidine prevents AKI in children undergoing renal replacement therapy. The Dex Group had significantly higher urine output, more sedation, and lower objective pain scores as compare to the other two groups. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine provides renal protection and sedation as well as analgesia. Keywords: Radical nephrectomy; Dexmedetomidine; Cystatin C; Children
Background: At the time of induction during general anaesthesia the different complication can occur with endotracheal tube. Supraglottic devices are alternative of endotracheal tube and it prevents such complications. Aim: To compare the frequency of ease of insertion with lma and i-gel® during general anaesthesia. Method: 270 patients of asa class p1 & p2 undergoing general anaesthesia for elective surgeries were included after taking informed consent. Patients were divided into two groups a (lma classic) & b (i-gel) by using random number table. Each group comprised of 135 patients. In both groups dose of propofol was 2.5mg /kg body weight was given intravenously within 30 sec along with nalbuphine 0.1 mg /kg body weight and midazolam 0.05mg / kg body weight. The study design was quasi experimental and sampling technique was purposive non probability convenience sampling. Chi square test was used and collected data was analysed with spss version 20. Result: The ease of insertion in the lma classic group was 82% while the ease of insertion in i-gel® was 84 %. Statistically there was no significant difference of ease of insertion between two groups (p value = 0.41). Conclusion: Both devices have same level of ease of insertion. Keywords: Lma (laryngeal mask airway classic), i-gel®, general anaesthesia, ease of insertion
Introduction: Post-operative pain is very common problem for both patients and medical professionals. Different medicines and procedures are used to treat it. Aim: To compare the efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block (TAP) with local anaesthetic infiltration in surgical wound regarding post-operative pain management. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Material & Methods: 60 patients (30 in each group) undergoing for lower abdominal surgery were included and divided into two group A and B by using lottery method. In group A bilateral TAP block was applied with 20 ml of 0.25 % bupivacaine on each side. In the triangle of petit with 16 gage Tuohy’s needle. In group B 40 ml of 0.25 % bupivacaine was given in the margins of surgical incision with full aseptic technique at the end of procedures. . Result: The mean age of patient was 36.70 ± 8.55 year while mean age in group A was 36.50 ± 9.48 year and in group B it was 36.90 ± 7.67 year. The mean pain in group A was 2.77 ± 2.21 and in group B it was 6.72 ± 1.00 The mean pain was statistically less in group A as compared to group B and P value was ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: Post-operative pain control was batter with TAP block as compare to incisional wound infiltration of local anaesthetic agent. Keywords: TAP Block, Wound infiltration, Surgery, pain.
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