No abstract

Environmental surveillance system is significant for environmental researches by means of providing abundant physical information around the target environment. In this article, a universal environmental surveillance system that utilizes the instrument cloud technology is presented for any kinds of outdoor or indoor monitoring applications. The architecture of the universal environmental surveillance system is consisted of three main components, including multisensors module, data management processor and cloud server. Based on the hierarchical relationship, the system facilitates the process of data transmission. Moreover, the unique data format and the device management list prompt an overwhelming advantage of flexibility on device management during operation. All sensor data are stored in a discrete database referring to the corresponding sensor ID and accessing time. Owing to the cloud technology, researchers can access the data archives everywhere after logging in the website to share the valuable information with one another.

Nanowire field-effect transistors are suited to study the activity of biomolecules in bionanotechnology. The changes of biomolecules process are efficiently affected the charge at the nanowire surface; thus, the electrical characterization of NW-FET is changed. Although NW-FET is a well-known device in bioapplications, however, the intrinsic electrical characterization of NW-FET effect on real electrical measurement is not well studied. We present herein a novel measurement method to avoid errors in electrical characteristic of nanowire field-effect transistors. A physical model is developed to explore the effect of the leakage current, which is influenced by the charging effect of an equivalent capacitor in a NW-FET. We also present a sloped-gate voltage method to reduce the effect of equivalent capacitor in air, liquid, and phosphate buffered solution. The application of the sloped-gate voltage method significantly increases the stability of electrical characterization measurements. This method can also be easily applied to biosensing experiments.

The short-circuit phenomenon is one common error in the operation of electronic circuit. Short-circuit will cause the electrical components damage and the incorrect function in PCB. In general, the detection of short-circuit is performed by using the electrode probe to contact each pad in single PCB or the probe card in mass production of PCD. Due to the fast development of circuit layout, the size of IC with pads is getting smaller; therefore, it is much difficult to detect short-circuit in PCB by the pads-contact inspection. This paper presents a method to detect short-circuit area in PCB without the use of electrode probe, which employs the electromagnetic signals to sense and identify the change of electromagnetic induced by short-circuit. We design an electromagnetic sensing probe which comprises of an equivalent circuit to detect the change of electromagnetism in PCB, and employ an X-Y table for automatic positioning. Instead of tiny electrode probe manufacturing, the electromagnetic sensing method (ESM) is able to detect the short-circuit area inside the multi-layer PCB. In addition, the inspective module with ESM can be designed to be a portable instrument without the space limitation. The article shows the verification of proposed system with the scanning pitch is from 5 to 20 mil line width, the working distance of sensing probe is from 1 to 20 mm, and 4 layers PCB measurement. We also experiment the real case detection by using the ESM in PCB and display ESM can successful indicate the probable area of short-circuit.

& Our novel automated feedback temperature controlled cooling system consists of a temperature measurement circuit, a TE cooler, a thermistor, a microcontroller, and a digital-to-analog converter and PWM algorithms. The measurement accuracy of this temperature controlled TE system was better than 0.1 C and can be used for maintaining an instrument's isothermal applications. The experimental results of SWIR linear image shows that the temperature can be stably maintained at À20 C, the dark output current can be reduced almost 80 mV (Integration time: 100 ms) and the SNR of pixel can be improved from 48 dB to 83 dB as well.