Conformational energies of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) have been determined from 13 C NMR chemical shifts of its six dimeric model compounds. The model compounds were prepared and fractionated by supercritical fluid chromatography into three components: CH 3 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 )OCH 2 CH(CH 3 )OCH 3 (headto-tail); CH 3 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 )OCH(CH 3 )CH 2 OCH 3 (head-to-head); CH 3 OCH(CH 3 )CH 2 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 )OCH 3 (tailto-tail). Carbon-13 NMR measurements using 1 H broad-band decoupling and DEPT techniques were carried out for the benzene solutions at 25 °C, and all observed NMR peaks were assigned to the methine, methylene, pendant methyl, and terminal methoxy carbons. By the simulation based on the rotational isomeric state (RIS) scheme and γ-and δ-substituent effects for the 13 C NMR chemical shifts, the γ-and δ-effect parameters and the conformational energies were optimized; the root-mean-square error between the calculated and observed chemical shifts was minimized to 0.12 ppm. Values of the γ-anti effect (-2.6 ppm) of oxygen, the γ-gauche effects of carbon (-4.9 ppm) and oxygen (-7.9 ppm), and the δ-effect (2.1 ppm) of oxygen for the g + gconformations were obtained to fall within the allowable ranges, as shown in the parentheses. The conformational energies evaluated here are comparable to those determined for isotactic PPO in our previous studies. These results confirm our interpretation of the gauche oxygen effect: The gauche stability of the C-C bond in the main chain of PPO is due to the intramolecular (C-H)‚‚‚O hydrogen bonding.

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Then, by distillating with various reflux ratio in mulistage distillation column, COD value of the drain from the waste water of shochu could be decreased effectively with total reflux.