5-Aminosalycylic acid, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, enteral nutrition, total parenteral nutrition, and surgical therapy were considered standard therapy for intestinal Behçet's disease. Infliximab, colchicines, thalidomide, other pharmacological therapy, endoscopic therapy, and leukocytapheresis were deemed experimental therapy. Based on a two-round modified Delphi approach, practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of intestinal Behçet's disease were developed.

Summary Involvement of excessive

Rebamipide is well tolerated and improves the aphthae count and pain score in BD patients. It may therefore be useful in the treatment and prevention of frequently recurrent oral aphthous ulcers (not restricted to BD). Administration of rebamipide is not cumbersome, and it does not cause any discomfort, which corticosteroid ointments for example may do; furthermore, there are no specific adverse drug reactions. Rebamipide is therefore recommended as a long-term treatment for recurrent oral aphthous ulcers.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is spreading worldwide; there is a need to address its sequelae known as Long COVID. This study evaluated postvaccination changes in symptoms and antibody titers in patients with Long COVID. Patients visiting the outpatient department specializing in Long COVID at our hospital were enrolled. Changes in symptoms were evaluated before and 14–21 days after first vaccination. Antibody titers were measured using ARCHITECT SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG II Quant at the same time. This study included 42 patients (median age: 45 years; 17 [40.5%] men). Median pre‐ and postvaccination antibody titers were 456 and 28,963 AU/ml, respectively. Postvaccination symptoms (fatigue, joint pain, and taste and olfactory abnormalities) were relieved, worsened, and unchanged in 7 (16.7%), 9 (21.4%), and 26 (61.9%) patients, respectively. Ratios of pre‐ and postvaccination antibody titers were 53, 40, and 174 in the unchanged, relief, and worsened groups, respectively. The worsened group had the significantly highest antibody titer ratio ( p = 0.02). The higher increased rate of the antibody titer in the worsened group than in the nonworsened group suggests an excessive immune response to vaccination associated with worsening of sequelae. Although patients with Long COVID should be vaccinated, additional concerns should be addressed.

SummaryThe involvement of excessive T helper 1 (Th1) cell functions in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD) has been reported. We therefore studied