Talaromyces flavus FKI-0076, a soil isolate, was found to produce compounds which reinforce the anti-Candida albicans activity of miconazole. Four structurally related compounds, a novel one, designated actofunicone, and the knowns deoxyfunicone, vermistatin and NG-012, were isolated from the culture broth by solvent extraction, ODS column chromatography and HPLC. The structure of actofunicone was elucidated as benzoic acid, 3,5-dimethoxy-2-[[4-oxo-6-(2-acetyloxy propyl)-4H-pyran-3-yl]carbonyl]-, methyl ester by various spectroscopic analyses including NMR experiments. These compounds potentiated the anti-C. albicans activity of miconazole, decreasing the IC50

Three novel histamine H3 receptor (H3R) ligands, PF1270A (1), PF1270B (2) and PF1270C (3) were isolated from the culture broth of the fungal strain PF1270. The strain was identified as Penicillium waksmanii on the basis of morphological characteristics. These compounds were obtained from the culture broth by solvent extraction and chromatographic purification. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallographic analysis. They possess pentacyclic spiroindolinone skeletons. 1, 2 and 3 displayed high affinity for the rat H3R (Kiϭ0.058, 0.17 and 0.19 mM, respectively) and human H3R (Kiϭ0.047, 0.12 and 0.22 mM, respectively). Moreover, 1, 2 and 3 acted as potent agonists with the EC 50 values of 0.12, 0.15 and 0.20 mM, respectively.

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