A 75-year-old woman with a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF)

: This study verifies the mental and physical effects of menial work and those of its implementation in virtual experience along with their relationship with the subjects' profiles. The subjects were requested to perform four tasks. We called the first task the "handmade task" and the second the "hand playing task." As a virtual experience, we set the work to verify a video that was filmed while other people were performing the same tasks. Subjective evaluations were conducted via a questionnaire about impressions of the work. We performed an objective evaluation by measuring the change in the amount of oxyhaemoglobin visible on subjects' foreheads using an optical topography device. The subjective evaluation revealed that subjects performing a task himself/herself or through virtual experience had a significant impact, whereas subject attributes or the type of work did not. In contrast, the objective evaluation demonstrated that subject attributes are more influential than other factors.

Seabathing is very comfortable and enjoyable. Seabathing is one of the most popular sea recreation in Japan.However more than 100 people per year were dead in sea accidents. Two series of field suverys were conducted to investigate people's safety during seabathing. The first one is to investigate the accidents in 11 coasts during the summer of 1993. The second one is to observe more in detail the people's movement at I coast in Shizuoka Prefecture in the summer of 1994. The results show some relations between the accidents and winds, waves and currents.